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Principles of Zoology > Nervous System (Part 2) - Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System (Part 2) - Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 basic divisions of the vertebrate brain?

A
  • hind brain
  • midbrain
  • forebrain
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2
Q

What is the hindbrain in fish?

A

largest portion

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3
Q

What is the midbrain in fish?

A

processes visual information

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4
Q

What is the forebrain in fish?

A

processes olfactory information

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5
Q

Why is the hindbrain the largest portion in fish?

A

swimming

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6
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

manage fine movement, balance and aids in coordinating movement and learning new motor tasks

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7
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

memory, decision making

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8
Q

What has changed as vertebrates evolved?

A

relative sizes of different brain regions

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9
Q

What section of the brain has become the dominant feature in vertebrate?

A

forebrain

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10
Q

What do more folds in the brain equal?

A

more surface area which means more neurons

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11
Q

What important part of the brain is located in the forebrain?

A

cerebrum

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12
Q

What are meninges?

A

3 layers of connective tissue which cushion the brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

What are the layers of the meninges in order of outermost to inner?

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
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14
Q

What is the function of cerebral spinal fluid?

A

protect brain and spinal cord

  • transport ions
  • immune function and protection
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15
Q

What is the forebrain composed of?

A
  • diencephalon

- telencephalon

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16
Q

What is the Diencephalon composed of?

A
  • thalamus

- hypothalamus

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17
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

integration and relay center

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18
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

basic drives & emotions; controls pituitary gland

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19
Q

What is the telencephalon composed of?

A

cerebrum (in mammals)

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20
Q

What is the function of the telencephalon?

A

largely associative activity (learning, understanding language)

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21
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

A

regulate hormonal activities

22
Q

What has increased brain size in mammals lead to?

A

enlargement of the cerebrum

23
Q

What is the cerebrum composed of?

A
  • right and left cerebral hemispheres

- corpus callosum

24
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

a tract that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres

25
Q

What does each cerebral hemisphere receive?

A

sensory input from the opposite side

26
Q

What are the hemispheres of the cerebrum divided into?

A
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • temporal
  • occipital lobes
27
Q

What is the frontal lobe made of?

A

olfactory lobe and motor cortex

28
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

smell, implementation of movement

29
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

speech, reading, somatosensory and proprioception

30
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

processing and interpreting sound, memory via the hippocampus

31
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

vision and visual processing

32
Q

What do different parts of the motor cortex do?

A

control different muscle groups

33
Q

What is the function of the limbic system?

A

emotions

  • fear and motivation
  • memory formation
34
Q

What are the regions of the limbic system?

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • hippocampus
  • amygdala
  • cingulate gyrus
35
Q

What is the function of the amygdala?

A

fearfulness and rage

36
Q

What is the function of the cingulate gyrus?

A

other emotions and pain

37
Q

What is the function of the brainstem?

A

regulates many autonomic functions, communicates with cerebrum with cerebellum and spinal cord

38
Q

What are the parts of the brainstem?

A
  • thalamus
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
39
Q

What is the spinal cord?

A

a coble of neurons extending from brain down through the backbone

40
Q

What is the spinal cord encloses and protected by?

A

vertebral column and meninges

41
Q

Is grey matter on the interior or exterior of spinal cord?

42
Q

Is grey matter on the interior or exterior of the brain?

43
Q

What is the spinal cord’s function?

A

body’s “information highway”

  • relays messages between the body and the brain
  • also reflexes
44
Q

What kind of reflex is knee-jerk refelx?

A

monosynaptic

45
Q

What kind of reflex is knee-jerk refelx?

A

monosynaptic

46
Q

What is bisynaptic?

A

most reflexes in vertebrates involve a single interneuron

47
Q

How does the spinal cord do reflexes?

A

immediate response

-sensory -> spinal -> effector (no brain)

48
Q

Where are sensory neurons located?

A
  • dorsal root of spinal nerve

- cell bodies grouped outside the spinal cord in dorsal root ganglia

49
Q

Where are motor neurons located?

A

leave from the ventral surface and form ventral root of spinal nerve

50
Q

Where are cell bodies (motor neurons?) located?

A

in the spinal cord

Principles of Zoology (20 decks)

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