Nervous System (Part 2) - Central Nervous System

Question 1

What are the 3 basic divisions of the vertebrate brain?

Answer 1

• hind brain
• midbrain
• forebrain

Question 2

What is the hindbrain in fish?

Answer 2

largest portion

Question 3

What is the midbrain in fish?

Answer 3

processes visual information

Question 4

What is the forebrain in fish?

Answer 4

processes olfactory information

Question 5

Why is the hindbrain the largest portion in fish?

Answer 5

swimming

Question 6

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 6

manage fine movement, balance and aids in coordinating movement and learning new motor tasks

Question 7

What is the function of the cerebrum?

Answer 7

memory, decision making

Question 8

What has changed as vertebrates evolved?

Answer 8

relative sizes of different brain regions

Question 9

What section of the brain has become the dominant feature in vertebrate?

Answer 9

forebrain

Question 10

What do more folds in the brain equal?

Answer 10

more surface area which means more neurons

Question 11

What important part of the brain is located in the forebrain?

Answer 11

cerebrum

Question 12

What are meninges?

Answer 12

3 layers of connective tissue which cushion the brain and spinal cord

Question 13

What are the layers of the meninges in order of outermost to inner?

Answer 13

• dura mater
• arachnoid mater
• pia mater

Question 14

What is the function of cerebral spinal fluid?

Answer 14

protect brain and spinal cord

• transport ions
• immune function and protection

Question 15

What is the forebrain composed of?

Answer 15

• diencephalon

- telencephalon

Question 16

What is the Diencephalon composed of?

Answer 16

• thalamus

- hypothalamus

Question 17

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 17

integration and relay center

Question 18

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 18

basic drives & emotions; controls pituitary gland

Question 19

What is the telencephalon composed of?

Answer 19

cerebrum (in mammals)

Question 20

What is the function of the telencephalon?

Answer 20

largely associative activity (learning, understanding language)

Question 21

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

Answer 21

regulate hormonal activities

Question 22

What has increased brain size in mammals lead to?

Answer 22

enlargement of the cerebrum

Question 23

What is the cerebrum composed of?

Answer 23

• right and left cerebral hemispheres

- corpus callosum

Question 24

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 24

a tract that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 25

What does each cerebral hemisphere receive?

Answer 25

sensory input from the opposite side

Question 26

What are the hemispheres of the cerebrum divided into?

Answer 26

- frontal - parietal - temporal - occipital lobes

Question 27

What is the frontal lobe made of?

Answer 27

olfactory lobe and motor cortex

Question 28

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 28

smell, implementation of movement

Question 29

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 29

speech, reading, somatosensory and proprioception

Question 30

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 30

processing and interpreting sound, memory via the hippocampus

Question 31

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 31

vision and visual processing

Question 32

What do different parts of the motor cortex do?

Answer 32

control different muscle groups

Question 33

What is the function of the limbic system?

Answer 33

emotions - fear and motivation - memory formation

Question 34

What are the regions of the limbic system?

Answer 34

- thalamus - hypothalamus - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus

Question 35

What is the function of the amygdala?

Answer 35

fearfulness and rage

Question 36

What is the function of the cingulate gyrus?

Answer 36

other emotions and pain

Question 37

What is the function of the brainstem?

Answer 37

regulates many autonomic functions, communicates with cerebrum with cerebellum and spinal cord

Question 38

What are the parts of the brainstem?

Answer 38

- thalamus - medulla oblongata - pons

Question 39

What is the spinal cord?

Answer 39

a coble of neurons extending from brain down through the backbone

Question 40

What is the spinal cord encloses and protected by?

Answer 40

vertebral column and meninges

Question 41

Is grey matter on the interior or exterior of spinal cord?

Answer 41

interior

Question 42

Is grey matter on the interior or exterior of the brain?

Answer 42

exterior

Question 43

What is the spinal cord's function?

Answer 43

body's "information highway" - relays messages between the body and the brain - also reflexes

Question 44

What kind of reflex is knee-jerk refelx?

Answer 44

monosynaptic

Question 45

What kind of reflex is knee-jerk refelx?

Answer 45

monosynaptic

Question 46

What is bisynaptic?

Answer 46

most reflexes in vertebrates involve a single interneuron

Question 47

How does the spinal cord do reflexes?

Answer 47

immediate response | -sensory -> spinal -> effector (no brain)

Question 48

Where are sensory neurons located?

Answer 48

- dorsal root of spinal nerve | - cell bodies grouped outside the spinal cord in dorsal root ganglia

Question 49

Where are motor neurons located?

Answer 49

leave from the ventral surface and form ventral root of spinal nerve

Question 50

Where are cell bodies (motor neurons?) located?

Answer 50

in the spinal cord