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Dental Physio > Respiratory - Pt 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory - Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation is composed of 2 phases: [] and []. What muscles are used in each?

A

Pulmonary Ventilation is composed of 2 phases: Inspiration and Expiration. What muscles are used in each?

  • Inspiration - diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.
  • Expiration - Abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles.
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2
Q

[] is when the physical property lags behind the changes that are causing it. (think of a thermostat)

A

Hysteresis

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3
Q

The lungs have a tendency to collapse because of their [] [].

A

Elastic recoil

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4
Q

Because the lungs and chest wall pull away from each other on opposite sides of the intrpleural space, the [] [] is less than barometric pressure; that is, the intrapleural space is a relative [].

A

Intrapleural Pressure

vacuum

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5
Q

T/F

We see hysteresis in expiration not inspiration.

A

FALSE

We see hysteresis in inspiration, not expiration.

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6
Q

T/F

If intrapleural pressure = intrapulmonary pressure ==> pneumothorax?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

What are the 4 pressure in the thoracic cavity?

A

Atmospheric Pressure

Intrapulmonary Pressure/Alveolar Pressure

Intrapleural Pressure

Transpulmonary Pressure

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8
Q

Atmospheric pressure:

  • Pressure of the [] - 1 [] or [] mmHg
A
  • Pressure of the atmosphere - 1 ATM or 760 mmHg
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9
Q

Intrapulmonary Pressure/Alveolar Pressure:

  • Pressure in the []
  • Rises and falls with []
A
  • Pressure in the aveoli
  • Rises and falls with breathing
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10
Q

Intrapleural Pressure:

  • Pressure in the [] cavity
  • This pressure changes with breathing but is always about []-[] mmHg less than [] pressure
  • Always [] realtive to pulmonary pressure
A
  • Pressure in the pleural cavity
  • This pressure changes with breathing but is always about 4-5 mmHg less than pulmonary pressure
  • Always negative realtive to pulmonary pressure
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11
Q

T/F

Intrapleural pressure cannot become positive relative to atmospheric pressure.

A

FALSE

Intrapleural pressure can become positive relative to atmospheric pressure during a forced expiration.

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12
Q

T/F

Intrapleural pressure gets more negative from base to apex?

A

TRUE

Think of the monkeys hanging from a barrel. The top monkey (or the apex) will be stretched/dealing with the most weight.

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13
Q

The intrapleural pressure is the most negative when the lungs are [].

A

inflated.

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14
Q

Transpulmonary Pressure:

  • Pressure difference between [] and [].
  • Always [] under physiologic conditions.
A
  • Pressure difference between pulmonary pressure and intrapleural pressure.
  • Always positive under physiologic conditions.
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15
Q

The pleural cavity pressure becomes more [] as chest wall expands during inspiration.

A

negative

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16
Q

Pressure inside lung [] as lung volumes incresases during inspiration.

The pressure [] during expiration.

A

decreases

increases

17
Q

The negative intrapleural pressure is caused by 2 forces:

  • Two collapsing inward forces
    • [] recoil of lungs
    • [] [] of alveolar fluid
  • One outward inflating force
    • [] of the chest wall pulls the thorax outward
A
  • Two collapsing inward forces
    • Elastic recoil of lungs
    • Surface tension of alveolar fluid
  • One outward inflating force
    • Elasticity of the chest wall pulls the thorax outward
18
Q

The greater tha transpulmonary pressure, the [] the lungs.

19
Q

What happens if intrapleural pressure equals or rises above intrapulmonary pressure?

A

Pneumothorax.

20
Q

Pneumothorax:

  • 1st - without the negative intrapleural pressure to hold the lungs open the lungs [].
  • 2nd - without the negative intrapleural pressure to keep the chest wall from expanidng the chest wall [].
A
  • Collapse
  • Spring out
21
Q
  1. [] collapse of one or more areas ofthe lung
  2. [] air in the intrapleural cavity
  3. [] pneumothorax is a gradual pneumothorax
    1. It is a small opening where air escapes during [] , but the hoe is closed during the [].
A
  1. Atelectasis
  2. Pneumothorax
  3. Tension Pneumothorax
    1. It is a small opening where air escapes during inhale , but the hoe is closed during the exhale.
22
Q

FRC = [] [] []

  • Point at which we initiate []
A

Functional Residual Capacity

Inspiration

23
Q

During “forced”inspiration or times of exercise, which accessory muscles are added for inspiration?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Scalene muscle gorup

Pectoralis minor

24
Q

Quite expiration requires [] neural input. Diaphragm and external intercostals [].

A

Quite expiration requires NO neural input. Diaphragm and external intercostals relax.

25
Q

What muscles are engaged for forced expiration?

A

Abdominal Muscles

Internal Intercostals

26
Q

Tidal Volume:

Volume exchanged during []breathing ~ [] mL

A

Volume exchanged during normal breathing ~ 500 mL

27
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV):

Max volume inspired [] TV.

28
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV):

Max Volume expired [] FRC

29
Q

Residual Volume (RV):

Air in lungs after [] expiration - keeps lungs []. ~[]mL

A

Air in lungs after strenuous expiration - keeps lungs inflated. ~1200mL

30
Q

What are the 4 lung capacities?

A
  1. Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
  2. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
  3. Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
  4. Vital Capacity (VC)
31
Q

What are the 4 Respiratory Volumes?

A

Tidal Volume (TV)

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Residual Volume (RV)

32
Q

Total Lung capacity

  • [] mL
  • [] of all 4 volumes
A
  • 6000 mL
  • sum of all 4 volumes
33
Q

Functional Residual Capacity

  • [] mL
  • sum of [] and [] and is the amount of air remaining inside the respiratory system after a [] [] .
  • Includes [], so cannot measure it using only spirometer
A
  • 2400 mL
  • sum of ERV and IRV and is the amount of air remaining inside the respiratory system after a quite expiration.
  • Includes RV, so cannot measure it using only spirometer
34
Q

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

  • Sum of [] and [].
  • After a quiet expiration, the IC is the []amount of air that one could still inspire.
A
  • Sum of IRV and TV.
  • After a quiet expiration, the IC is the maximal amount of air that one could still inspire.
35
Q

Vital Capacity:

  • sum of [], [], and . []
  • the maximal amount of [] []
  • Can be measure by having an individual maximally inhale, then at the peak of maximal inhalation, blow a maximal exhalation into a spriometer.
A
  • sum of IRV, TV, and ERV
  • the maximal amount of exchangebale air
  • Can be measure by having an individual maximally inhale, thena t the peak of maximal inhalation, blow a maximal exhalation into a spriometer.
36
Q

The FRC is the point at which the [] recoil of the lungs being balanced by the [] push of the lung walls.

A

inward

outward

Dental Physio (36 decks)

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