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Dental Physio > Circulatory - Pt 2: Equations > Flashcards

Circulatory - Pt 2: Equations Flashcards

1
Q

The Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is the [] blood pressure over the course of the [] cycle?

A

average; cardiac

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2
Q

What are the 2 main factors influencing Diastolic BP?

A

Heart Rate

Peripheral resistance

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3
Q
  • Main Factors influencing Systolic BP
    • [] Volume
    • [] Compliance
  • Main Factors Influencing Diastolic BP
    • Heart []
    • [] Resistance
A
  • Main Factors influencing Systolic BP
    • Stroke Volume
    • Aorta Compliance
  • Main Factors Influencing Diastolic BP
    • Heart Rate
    • Peripheral Resistance
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4
Q

With “Reynold’s Number - NR”, what do the following values represent…

< 2,000

>3,000

A
  • < 2,000 = laminar flow
  • >3,000 = turbulent flow
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5
Q

What is the main determining factor for “resistance?” and why?

A

Vessel Radius.

Its at r4, so any change could have huge effects to the R number.

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6
Q

The [] is a pressure reservoir

A

Aorta

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7
Q

[] [] is a mathematical equation that describes the variables that contriubte to Resistance…

A

Poiseuille’s Law

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8
Q

The “ballooning” of a blood vessel wall in reaction to turblent wall is called []

A

Aneurysm

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9
Q

What are the 2 main factors influencing Systolic BP?

A

Stroke Volume

Aorta Compliance

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10
Q

What factors effect the “R”, or Resistance variable, in the Blood Flow equation?

  • [] of the blood vessel
  • Blood []
A
  • Characteristics of the blood vessel
  • Blood viscosity
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11
Q

[] [] can be heard through auscultation as murmurs, or sometimes felt on the surface of the skin…

A

Turbulent Flow

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12
Q

Which of the following: increase/decrease of capacitance vessels, causes a decrease in the pressure of the overall system? Why?

A

Increase

If you increase the capacitance, you’re increasing “stretchyness” which would allow vessel walls to move/widen during blood flow. So if the radius increases due to capacitance…then the pressure would decrease

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13
Q

Blood Flow is [] proportional to the resistance of the blood vessel

A

Inversely

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14
Q

T/F

In Laminar Blood Flow, the blood at the periphery of a vessel travels the fastest.

A

FALSE

In ideal conditions the blood in the center of a vessel should travel the fastest - laminar Blood flow

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15
Q

If you graphed the pressure of the capillary vs arteries on a graph, the capillaries would have a smooth declining line. While the arteries would have pulsitile jumps in pressure. Why do we want to avoid those pulsitile pressure jumps in capillaries?

A

Our capillaries are extremely thin and would probably rip apart with all those pressure spikes.

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16
Q

What is the difference between Pulse pressure and Pressure Pulse?

A
  • Pulse Pressure - difference in systolic and diastolic pressure of arterial blood
  • Pressure Pulse - pulse that can be felt externally….you pulse
17
Q

What is the 2nd “heart” of the circulatory system?

How much of the stroke volume does the Aorta hold during systole ?

A
  1. The Aorta
  2. 70-80%
18
Q

What is the equation for “Poiseuille’s Law?” What does each variable represent?

A

R = 8nl/πr4

  • R = resistance (PRU)
  • n = viscosity of the fluid
  • l = length of the vessel (cm)
  • π = constant
  • r = radius of the vessel (cm)
19
Q

What issues would be associated with overperfusion and underperfusion?

  • Overperfusion
    • [] distribution of nutrients
    • [] - or build up of fluid
  • Underperfusion
    • [] of vital nutrients
    • Hypoxia - or lack of []
    • [] Build up
    • Necrosis
A
  • Overperfusion
    • Inefficient distribution of nutrients
    • Edema - or build up of fluid
  • Underperfusion
    • Lack of vital nutrients
    • Hypoxia - or lack of O2
    • Waste Build up
    • Necrosis
20
Q

How would systolic and diastolic pressures change if the aorta was more elastic?

A
  • Systole
    • Pressure would decrease, because the pressure in the Aorta would decrease. The Aortic pressure is a main factor in limiting ventricular contraction
  • Diastole
    • Pressure would increase because you could have a larger “ballooning” effect on the aorta…therefore increasing the amount of blood you could hold..increasing pressure.
21
Q

The velocity of Pressure pulse will [] with age due to [] vessels

A

Increase; stiffer

22
Q

During diastole, the aorta [] and blood held during [] will be moved to the periphery of the system.

A

recoils; systole

23
Q

What is the equation for “Pulse Pressure?”

What is the equaion for “MAP (mean arterial pressure)?”

A
  • PP = Systolic P - Diastolic P
  • MAP = Diastolic P + ( Pulse Pressure/3)
24
Q

What is the Reynolds Number equation and what does each variable represent?

A

NR = pDV/ n

  • NR - Reynolds Number
  • p = Fluid Density (doesnt really matter for us)
  • D = vessel Diameter
  • v - mean velocity of fluid
  • n - viscosity of fluid
25
Q

What are several causes of polycythemia?

A

Dehydration

Blood DOping

High Altitude

26
Q

The [] nature of arteries is one of the factors that convert the [] pumping of the heart into a coutinuous delivery of blood.

A

elastic; pulsatile

27
Q

Hematocrit:

  1. Volume percentage of [] [] [] in a whole blood sample
  2. Abnormally low hematocrit = []
  3. Abnormally high hematocrit = []
  4. The normal hematocrit of patients = [] %
A
  1. Red Blood Cells
  2. anemia
  3. polycythemia
  4. 50%
28
Q

When a precapillary sphincter is relaxed, [] [] [] [] occurs where there is no exchange of nutrients between the blood and surrounding tissues.

A

PSYCHE!

The precapillary sphincters need to “contracted” for non-nutrient blood flow to occur.

29
Q

For Poiseuille’s Law:

  1. Any increase in the radius would do what to R?
  2. Any increase in the Length would do what to R?
  3. Any increase in the viscosity would do what to R?
A
  1. Increasing just raidius would lead to a significant decrease in Resistance
  2. Increasing length would lead to an increase in Resistance
  3. Increasing viscosity would lead to an increase in Resistance
30
Q

What is the blood flow equation? What does each variable represent?

A

Q = (delta)P/ R

  • Q = Blood Flow (mL/min)
  • (delta)P = Change in pressure (mmHg)
  • R = Resistance, or the opposition to blood flow [mmHg/(mL/min)] or PRU - peripheral resistance units
31
Q

Mean Circulatory Pressure (Pmc)

  1. Pressure in entire circulation if heart [] [] beating
  2. Depends mainly on
    1. [] volume
    2. [] compliance
A
  1. Pressure in entire circulation if heart is not beating
  2. Depends mainly on
    1. Blood volume
    2. Venous compliance
32
Q

If the heart is not beating, an [] in blood volume will increase the pressure throughout the system.

A

increase

33
Q

Turbulent Blood flow would be any [] in the blood flow, or [] in the blood itself.

A

Obstruction; alterations

34
Q

What do precapillary sphincters control?

What does this “control” do during a stroll on a 95 degree day?

A
  • Precapillary sphincters control the flow of blood throughout the capillary bed system
  • For example - if it is really hot out, the sphinchters would relax to allow more blood to perfuse throughout the tissue - therefore expelling heat.

Dental Physio (36 decks)

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