Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
What are the 2 main neurotransmittes of the autonomic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
What types of receptors do acetylcholine and norepinephrine bind to?
- Acetylcholine - binds to Cholinergic receptors
- Nicotinic
- Muscarinic
- Norepinephrine - binds to adrenergic receptors
- Alpha 1 and 2
- Beta 1 and 2
What neurotransmitter is used in the Somatic Nervous System?
What receptor is found on the effector organs?
- Acetylcholine
- Nicotinic, cholinergic receptors
Differentiate between the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system based on the length of their neurons?
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Long preganglionic neurons, short postganglionic neurons
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Short pregagnlionic neurons, long postganglionic neurons
Where in the central nervous system do postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system originate?
- False
- Postganglioninc neurons do not originate in the nervous system.
- The preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system originate in the craniosacral region
Where would you find the ganglia intersection of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Very near or in the effector organ
Where would you find the ganglia junction of the sympathetic nervous system?
- Paravertebral ganglia
- Prevertebral ganglia
What is the “ganglia” or ganglia junction, as I call it, of the autonomic nervous system?
That place where the Pre and Postganglionic neurons meet
Where does the preganglionic neuron originate in the Sympathetic Nervous System?
Thorocolumbar Region of the spinal cord
T1 - L3
What are the neurotransmitters and related receptors in the Sympathetic Nervous System?
- At the ganglia
- At the Effector organ
- At Ganglia
- Neurotransmitter = Acetyl Choline
- Receptor = Nicotinic, Cholinergic
- At Effector
- Neurotransmitter = Norepinephrine
- Receptor = adrenergic, Alpha 1/2 and Beta 1/2
What are the neurotransmitters and related receptors in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
- At the ganglia
- At the Effector organ
- At Ganglia
- Neurotransmitter - acetylcholine
- Receptor - Nicotinic, Cholinergic
- At effector organ
- Neurotransmitter - acetlycholine
- Receptor - Muscarinic, Cholinergic
What are 2 exceptions to the normal neurotransmitter/receptor path of the Sympathetic nervous system?
- Sweat Glands
- The postganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine which binds to a muscarinic, cholinergic receptor.
- This is different because in sympathetic innervation, the postganglioninc neuron should release norepinephrine and it should bind to an adrenergic receptor
- The Adrenal Gland
- The preganglionic neuron rusn directly to the adrenal gland causing the production of norepinephrine (20%) and epinephrine (80%)
What are the organs that can mostly sympathetic innervation?
- Sweat Glands
- Vascular Smooth Muscle
- Liver
- Adipose Tissue
- Kidney
- Pilomotor muscle of the skin
What are the effects on following systems due to Sympathetic Innervation vs Parasympathetic Innervation?
- Heart Rate
- Vascular Smooth Muscle
- Respiratory Airways
- Digestion
- Sympathetic Effect on…
- Heart Rate = Increases heart rate
- Vascular Smooth Muscle = increase contractility
- Respiratory Airways = dilates airways
- Digestion = decreases digestive processes
- Parasympathetic Effect on…
- Heart Rate - lowers heart rate
- Vascular Smooth Muscle - no effec, no innervation
- Respiratory Airways - constrict airways
- Digestion - increases digestive processes
How can the SNS increase blood pressure through smooth vascular muscle?
- It causes smooth muscle to contract more, which causes vasoconstriction on the blood vessesl ==> increased blood pressure
