Cardiac - Pt 1 Flashcards
The apex of the heart points to what area of the body?
Left hip
What is the “double” walled sac enclosing the heart?
Pericardium
What is the outermost layer of the pericardium?
What is this layer involved in?
The fibrous pericardium
Protection and stabilization of the heart, also prevents from “overfilling” with blood.
What layer of the pericardium lies underneath the fibrous pericardium?
Serous Pericardium, but specifically the Parietal Serous Pericardium
What is the base layer of the pericardium?
T/F - this layer is continuous with the epicardium of the heart?
- Visceral Serous Pericardium
- True
What layer lies between the Visceral and Parietal Pericardium?
What Fluid inhabits this area?
- The pericardial Cavity
- The pericardial Fluid
The atria are seperated by an [] []…
The ventricles are seperated by an [] []….
Intratrial septum
Intraventricular septum
- The right ventricle is the pump for the [] circuit.
- The left ventricle is the upmp for the [] circuit.
- Pulmonary
- Systemic
How many pulmonary arteries and veins exist?
Arteries - 2
Pulmonary Veins - 4
What is the “pump” of the pulmonary circuit?
What is the pulmonary circuit?
- The right ventricle
- Right Vent -> Pulm Trunk –> Pulm Arteries -> Pulmonary Capillaries –> Pulmonary veins –> Left Atrium
What is the “pump” of the systemic circuit?
The Left Ventricle
Why are the atria lacking surrounding muscle tissue when compared to the ventricle?
- Because the ventricles are pumping blood out throuhgout the body.
- The atria are pumping blood to the ventricles.
The right atrium receives [] blood from the [] circuit
What 3 veins feed the right atrium?
- deoxygenated blood; systemic
- Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Coronary Sinus
Which valve seperates the right atrium from the right ventricle?
Tricuspid Valve
Which valve seperates the Right ventricle from the pulmonary truink?
Semilunar Valve
The left atrium receives [] blood from the [] veins
What are the names of the veins?
- oxygenated; pulmonary veins
- Right/Left Superior Pulmonary Veins; Right and Left Inferios Pulmonary Veins
What valve seperates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
Bicuspid Valve
OR Mitral Valve
What is another name for the bicuspid valve?
Mitral Valve
What is the name of the valve between the left ventricle and the aorta?
The aortic semilunar valve
Which circuit is higher or lower in pressure: the systemic or pulmonary?
- The pulmonary circuit is lower in pressure
Which circuit pumps more blood per beat, the systemic or the pulmonary circuit?
NEITHER!
They both pump the same amount of blood per beat.
[] is the molecular link between electrical and mechanical processes?
Ca2+
If you were to have hormones, neurotransmitters, or drugs taht alter the inward Ca2+ current during the cardiac action potential plateau - what would be the expected change in muscle tension produced by myocardial cells?
- It would depend on the effect on Ca2+ levels
- If you increased Ca2+ amounts - you’d have even more muscle tension
- If you decreased Ca2+ amounts - you’d expect less muscle tension
- BECAUSE - muscle tension is directly related to the sarcoplasmic levels of Ca2+
What “cells” are responsible for the initiation and fast conduction of the depolarization wave that travels throughout conduction system of the heart.
Nodal Cells