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Dental Physio > Endocrine - Pt 5 Female Repro > Flashcards

Endocrine - Pt 5 Female Repro Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The site of egg production and ovulation are the []
  2. The site of fertilization are the [] []
  3. The organ of zygote implantation and menstruation is the []
  4. The canal for childbirth is the []
  5. The external genitalia is the [] (or [])
A
  1. The site of egg production and ovulation are the ovaries
  2. The site of fertilization are the Fallopian tubes
  3. The organ of zygote implantation and menstruation is the uterus
  4. The canal for childbirth is the vagina
  5. The external genitalia is the Pudendum (or vulva)
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2
Q

Main Roles of Female Reproductive Hormone:

  1. stimulate proper development of [] and the surrounding []cells
  2. Regulate the [] of developing eggs from the ovaries
  3. Provide a favorable environment for [] of a zygote in the uterus
  4. Control embryonic [], fetal development, and parturition
  5. Faciliate []
A
  1. stimulate proper development of ovum and the surrounding follicular cells
  2. Regulate the ovulation of developing eggs from the ovaries
  3. Provide a favorable environment for implantation of a zygote in the uterus
  4. Control embryonic maturation, fetal development, and parturition
  5. Faciliate lactation
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3
Q

The oocyte awaits the sperm in the [] for fertilization.

A

ampulla

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4
Q
  • The female reproductive system is an [] system
  • So, the zygote or oocyte could always go back out the fimbriae for fertilization = [] []
  • [] can cause this because it damages the [] throughout the fillopian tubes.
A
  • The female reproductive system is an open system
  • So, the zygote or oocyte could always go back out the fimbriae for fertilization = ectopic pregancy
  • Smoking can cause this because it damages the cilia throughout the fillopian tubes.
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5
Q

[] cells are the supportive cells in the ovary, which are important for the survival and function of the developing egg

A

Follicular cells are the supportive cells in the ovary, which are important for the survival and function of the developing egg

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6
Q
  • Graafian follicles release a [] oocyte during ovulation
  • The remaining portion of the follicle, called the [], remains in the ovary and releases femal hormones for at least [] weeks.
A
  • Graafian follicles release a secondary oocyte during ovulation
  • The remaining portion of the follicle, called the corpus luteum, remains in the ovary and releases femal hormones for at least 2 weeks.
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7
Q
  • If fertilization does not occur - the corpus luteum degenerates into the [] []
  • If fertilization does occur - the corpus luteum is stimulated to remain functional by [] [] []. These levels stay elevated until the [] takes over, later in the pregnancy.
A
  • If fertilization does not occur - the corpus luteum degenerates into the corpus albicans
  • If fertilization does occur - the corpus luteum is stimulated to remain functional by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin. These levels stay elevated until the placenta takes over, later in the pregnancy.
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8
Q

The corpus albicans [] [] produce reproductive hormenes, so if no fertilization occurs…the hormone levels in the blood decrease

A

The corpus albicans does not produce reproductive hormenes, so if no fertilization occurs…the hormone levels in the blood decrease

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9
Q

The 4 target organ hormones for the female are: [], [], [], and []

A

The 4 target organ hormones for the female are: Estradiol, progesterone, relaxin, and inhibin

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10
Q

Inhibin

  • inhibits the release of [] and [] from the anterior pituitary. Its has more of an inhibitory effect on []
  • Released from the [] [] after [] stimulation
A
  • inhibits the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary. Its has more of an inhibitory effect on FSH
  • Released from the corpus luteum after LH stimulation
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11
Q

Relaxin

  • Inhibits [] of uterine smooth muscle to halp facilitate []
  • During labor, increases flexibility of [] [] and dilates uterine []
  • Released from the [] [] in response to [] stimulation
A
  • Inhibits contractions of uterine smooth muscle to halp facilitate implantation
  • During labor, increases flexibility of pubic symphysis and dilates uterine cervix
  • Released from the corpus luteum in response to LH stimulation
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12
Q

Progesterone

  • Works with estrogens to prepare the [] for implantation
  • Prepares [] [] to secrete milk
  • Inhibits the release of [] and []
  • Released from the [] [] in response to [] stimulation
A
  • Works with estrogens to prepare the endometrium for implantation
  • Prepares mammary glands to secrete milk
  • Inhibits the release of GnRH and LH
  • Released from the corpus luteum in response to LH stimulation
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13
Q

Estrogens:

  • Promotes development and maintenance of female [] structures, feminine [] sex characteristics, and []
  • Increase protein []
  • [] blood cholesterol
  • Moderate levels inhibit release of [], [], and []
A
  • Promotes development and maintenance of female reproductive structures, feminine secondary sex characteristics, and breasts
  • Increase protein anabolism
  • Lowers blood cholesterol
  • Moderate levels inhibit release of GnRH, FSH, and LH
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14
Q
  • Estrogen is released from the ovary in response to [] and []
  • Estrogen is released from the corpus luteum in response to [] stimulation
A
  • Estrogen is released from the ovary in response to FSH and LH
  • Estrogen is released from the corpus luteum in response to LH stimulation
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15
Q
  • FSH stimulates the development of the [] follicle as well the secretion of [] and [] from the ovaries.
A

FSH stimulates the development of the growing follicle as well the secretion of inhibin and estrogen from the ovaries.

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16
Q

T/F

Inhibin is released only from the corpus luteum.

A

FALSE

Inhibin is release from the corpus luteum and the ovary!

17
Q

Femal Reproductive Cycle:

  • There are [] phases, typically [] days long.
  • Day 1 is the start of the [] phase
  • Day 14 is usually []
A
  • There are 4 phases, typically 28 days long.
  • Day 1 is the start of the menstrual phase
  • Day 14 is usually ovulation
18
Q
  • [] helps with growth of the endometrium throughout most of the cycle.
  • [] helps with growth of the endometrium after ovulation occurs.
A
  • Estrogen helps with growth of the endometrium throughout most of the cycle.
  • Progesteron helps with growth of the endometrium after ovulation occurs.
19
Q

High levels of estrogens exert a [] [] effect on cells secreting LH and GnRH

A

High levels of estrogens exert a positive feedback effect on cells secreting LH and GnRH

20
Q

The 2 main hormones involved in the positive feedback loop that helps induce ovulation are: ………

A

The 2 main hormones involved in the positive feedback loop that helps induce ovulation are: estrogens and LH

21
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone released from from the [] [] that rescues the [] [] from degradation

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone released from from the developing embyro that rescues the corpus luteum from degradation

22
Q

Events of Early Pregnancy:

  1. 0 Days - []
  2. 1 Day - []
  3. 4 Days - Entrance of [] into uterine cavity
  4. 5 Days - []
  5. 6 Days - Attachment to []
  6. 8 Days - Onset of secretion of []
  7. 10 Days - HCG rescue of [] []
A

Events of Early Pregnancy:

  1. 0 Days - ovulation
  2. 1 Day - fertilization
  3. 4 Days - Entrance of blastocyst into uterine avity
  4. 5 Days - Implantation
  5. 6 Days - Attachment to endometrium
  6. 8 Days - Onset of secretion of HCG
  7. 10 Days - HCG rescue of corpus luteum
23
Q

HCG levels remain high throughout the first trimester, peaking at [] gestational weeks. In the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, the [] begins production of the reproductive hormone.

A

9; placenta

24
Q

Prolactin:

  • Released from []
  • Promotes breast production of []
  • Require constant inhibition by []
  • Levels increase during pregnancy due to []
  • Structurally similar to []
  • Widespread distribution of [] [] throughout the body - their function is []
A
  • Released from lactotophs
  • Promotes breast production of milk
  • Require constant inhibition by dopamine
  • Levels increase during pregnancy due to estrogen
  • Structurally similar to GH
  • Widespread distribution of prolactin receptors throughout the body - their function is unclear
25
Q

Oxytocin:

  • Released from []
  • Stimulates [] [] and milk []
  • Precursors are synthesized in the [] []in the hypothalamus
  • Released in response too…
    • infant suckling, cognitive stimulation of lactating females, dilation of the cervix, orgasm
  • Involved in the [] [] mechanism that results in child birth
A
  • Released from posterior pituitary
  • Stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection
  • Precursors are synthesized in the paraventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus
  • Released in response too…
    • infant suckling, cognitive stimulation of lactating females, dilation of the cervix, orgasm
  • Involved in the positive feedback mechanism that results in child birth
26
Q
  • Oxytocin can help induce labor through [] [] control
  • [] of the cervix => [] oxytocin release => more stretch of cervix => more oxytocin released….etc ===> until baby is born and [] is released
A
  • Oxytocin can help induce labor through positive feedback control
  • Dilation of the cervix => increased oxytocin release => more stretch of cervix => more oxytocin released….etc ===> until baby is born and placenta is released
27
Q

Where are our 2 positive feedback loops?

A
  1. Oxytocin and the dilation of the cervix building each other up until the baby is born
  2. Estrogen fueling the releasing of LH and GnRH (and vice versa) that lead to ovulation

Dental Physio (36 decks)

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