Respiratory - Lecture Questions Flashcards
T or F
Lungs contain large quantities of elastic connective tissue
True
T or F
There are no muscles within the alveolar walls
True
T or F
The Pip is greater than the PA
False
T or F
Stretched lungs have a tendency to pull inward
True
T or F
During inspiration, the Pip increases
False
What condition is characterized by air entering the pleural space?
Pneumothorax
Which condition is characterized by lungs collapsing to its unstretched size?
Atelectasis
What condition refers to an inflammation of the pleural sac?
Pleurisy
How does Boyle’s law work in us?
As the lungs expand in volume, P goes down
As the lungs shrink in volume, P goes up
What is the driving pressure for airflow into the lungs?
Decreasing alveolar pressure
What initally created the driving pressure of airflow into the lungs?
Increasing thoracic cavity volume
Why does alveolar pressure decrease and then swing back up, but pleural pressure decreass continuously during inspiration?
Alveolar pressure comes back up because it is in communicatin with the outside world
How do you calculate flow rate?
Flow Rate = pressure difference/R
T or F
The maxium amount of air male lungs can hold is 4.2L
False
6.0L
T or F
The lungs still contain ! 2400 mL of air at the end of normal quiet expiration
True
T or F
The work of breathing may be increased when lung compliance is increased
True
T or F
Surface area is reduced in emphysema
True
VC + RV =
TLC
The extra volume of air that can be maximally inspired above typical TV inspiration
IRV
The volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal passive expiration
FRC
TV + IRV + ERV =
VC
Volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal
IC
Volume of air entering or leaving the lungs in a single breath during quiet breathing
TV
How adequate is VA?
If PaCO2 is high, VA is not adequate for level of CO2
have to look at PaCO2
How do we measure the amount of O2 reaching the alveoli?
Partial pressure of O2 in alveolus
Alveolar Gas Equation
T or F
Alveolar ventilation is best increased by increasing respiratory rate?
False
TV
T or F
A gas always diffuses down its partial pressure gradient
True
T or F
Hypercapnia refers to excess CO2 in the arterial blood that is caused by hypoventilation
True
T or F
The volume of air that remains in the conducting airways, and thus not available for gas exchange, is known as alveolar dead space
False
Anatomic dead space
The pressure exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere on objects on the earth’s surface
Atmospheric Pressure
How much effort is required to stretch or distend the lungs
Compliance
`
The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related
Boyle’s Law
Why would we want to deliver blood to a region of lung that has low O2
We want to match ventilation and perfusion
Which one tells us how much O2 is in the Blood?
PaO2, SaO2, or CaO2
CaO2
consideres PaO2 and SaO2, includes Hb content
On one visit a patient has a PaO2 of 85 mmHg, an SaO2 of 98% and a hemoglobin of 14 gm/dl. One year later, her hemoglobin is 7 gm/dl. Assuming no lung disease, what will be her new PaO2, SaO2, and CaO2?
PaO2 and SaO2 unchanged
CaO2 reduced
Total CaO2 is half
Which patient is more hypoxemic?
Patient A: PaO2 85 mmHg, SaO2 95%, Hb 7 gm%
Patient B: PaO2 55 mmHg, SaO2 85%, Hb 15 gm%
Patient A: PaO2 85 mmHg, SaO2 95%, Hb 7 gm%
Hb contributes most to Total O2 in blood because it is stored here
In which of the following states would the oxygen content of alveoli resemble the trachea?
A. Emphysema
B. Pulmonary Fibrosis
C. Pulmonary Embolism
D. Foreign body obstruction distal to trachea
E. Exercise
Trachea - O2 = 150, CO2 = 0
Pulmonary embolism
Clot blocks blood flow to lungs - no exchange - similar to trachea
