Endocrine - Reproduction Physiology Flashcards
What pathway does sperm follow?
Seminiferous tubule
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory Duct
Nothing
Urethra
Penis
What accessory glands produce seminal fluid?
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands
Semen is made up of…
Sperm + Seminal Fluid
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH)
Cells within the prostate gland proliferate making it larger.
Why do you think that difficulty initiating urination, slow urine flow, and feeling like the bladder is not emptied, are symptoms of BPH?
The enlarged prostate gland compresses the urethra decreasing urine flow and making it hard to initiate or continue peeing.
Identify the following structures:
- Penis
- Urethra
- Epididymis
- Testicle
- Prostate
- Seminal Vesicle
- Colon
- Bladder
- Vas deferens
Sperm are produced in the _ and mature in the _.
Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules and mature in the epididymis.
Testis Anatomy: Clinical Correlate
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection for male infertility: What is it?
Collect sperm from seminiferous tubules or epididymis
Incubate with egg
The seminiferous tubule contains what important structures/cells for sperm production?
Sertoli Cell
Capillaries
Leydig Cells (Interstitial Cells)
What is the function of sertoli cells?
They secrete proteins to support sperm production
Stimulated by testosterone
Help mature sperm cells
FSH receptors → produce ABG
Mature sperm are found…
Close to the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
Young sperm are found…
In the basal lamina (Blood testis barrier)
Sertoli cells have _ receptors and produce _.
Sertoli cells have FSH receptors and produce ABG.
Leydig cells have _ receptors and produce _ when stimulated.
Leydig cells have LH receptors and produce Testosterone when stimulated.
What is the function of capillaries in the seminiferous tubule?
Pick up testerone to ship around the body through circulatory system
What physiological processees must occur in the male for fertilization to occur?
Erection and Ejaculation
What is the pathway for the erectile reflex?
Stimuli: Tactile stimulus, Erotic stimuli, Thoughts about sex
Erection Mechanism
Flacid
What happens to the corpus cavernosa?
No blood to cavernous spaces
Erection Mechanism
Erect
What happens to the corpus cavernosa?
Vasodilation and increased blood flow into cavernous spaces
Erection mechanism
What is it?
The corpus cavernosa accommodates arterial blood
Vasodilation
Increased blood flow into cavernous spaces
Increased arterial blood flow compresses veins
Blood can’t leave via veins and is “trapped” in penis
What is the celluar mechanism for erection?
Sexual stmulation causes release od NO from cavernous nerves
NO activates Guanylyl cyclase (GC)
GC converts GTP to cGMP
cGMP causes relaxtion of arterial smooth muscle
Results in vasodilation and blood flow into the penis
How does Viagra work?
Viagra promotes erection
cGMP promotes vasodilation
cGMP is broken down to GMP by Type 5 phosphodiesterase
Viagra inhibits Type 5 phosphodiesterase from breaking cGMP to GMP to promote erection (↑cGMP)
Why do pregnant women frequently use the restroom?
Bladder sits underneath the uterus
As the fetus grows and uterus increases in size, the uterus and gravity compress the bladder
Identify the structurs in this image.
- Fallopian Tube
- Ovary
- Uterus
- Cervix
- Vagina
What is the function of the Fallopian Tube?
Transport egg
What is the function of the Ovary?
Produce eggs
What is the function of the Uterus?
Development of fetus
Normally pregnancy is maintained here
What is the function of the Cervix?
Junction between uterus and vagina
Barrier to protect uterus and fetus
What is the function of the Vagina?
Receptical for penis
Sperm deposited here
What are Follicles (F)?
They house developing oocytes (immature eggs)
What is the Corpus Luteum (CL)?
What does it do? How do they form?
Forms after ovulation and supports pregnancy?
What is the process of follicular development and ovaries?
- Embryonic development generats primordial follicles (Mitotic division, frozen in meosis)
- Primary follicles are present at birth (Frozen in primary stage until puberty)
- During puberty, primary follicles are recruited and mature to secondary, tertiary, and dominant follicles (usually only one makes it here)
- At ovulation, the oocyte breaks out the ovary and travels into the fallopian tubes
- The remaining ruptured follicle will be converted into the corpus luteum