Endocrine - Questions

Question 1

Which of the following increases secretion of GH?
A. Old Age
B. IGF-1
C. Somatostatin
D. Hypoglycemia
E. Exogenous GH administration

Answer 1

Hypoglycemia

Potent stimulus of GH, ↓blood glucose

Question 2

Which of the following is bothh synthesized and stored in the hypothalamus?
A. ADH
B. TSH
C. Somatostatin
D. IGF-1
E. GH

Answer 2

C. Somatostatin

Question 3

Which substances are most likely to produce the greatest increase in insulin secretion?
A. Amino Acids
B. Amino Acids and glucose
C. Amino Acids and somatostatin
D. Glucose and Somatostatin

Answer 3

B. Amino Acids and Glucose

Question 4

Which of the following wouldo be expected in a child with dwarfism due to pituitary dysfunction?

Dwarfism = low GH synthesis and secretion

Answer 4

Question 5

A 46–year old has puffy skin (myexedema) and is lethargic. His plasma TSH is low and increases markedly when he is given TRH. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 5

Hypothyroidism due to an abnormality in the hypothalamus

Myxedema and lethargy = hypothyroidism
TSH is low and increases markedly when he is given TRH = problem in hypothalamus

Question 6

Which hormone is largely unbound to plasma proteins?
A. Cortisol
B. T4
C. Aldosterone
D. TSH
E. Adrenal androgens

Answer 6

D. TSH

Question 7

A patient presents with tachychardia and heat intolerance. You suspect Graves; disease. Which of the following is not consistenr with your diagnosis?
A. Increased T4
B. Suppressed TSH levels
C. Exopthalmos
D. Goiter
E. Decreased thyroid radioactive iodine uptake

Answer 7

E. Decreased thyroid radioactive iodine uptake

Uptake would be increased due to stimulation

Question 8

Which set of curves reflects the responses in a healthy individual, a patient with type 1 diabetes, and a patient with type 2 diabetes?

Answer 8

Question 9

Which set of curves reflects the responses in a healthy individual and in a patient with Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 9

Question 10

Which finding would likely be reported in a patient with a long-term deficiency in iodine intake?
A. Weight loss
B. Nervousness
C. Increased sweating
D. Increased follicular cell hyperplasia
E. Tachycardia

Answer 10

D. Increased follicular cell hyperplasia (goiter)

Question 11

Which statement about peptide/protein hormones is usually true?

Answer 11

B. They have receptors on the cell membrane

Question 12

Which symptom would least likely be associated with hyperthyroidism?
A. Tachycardia
B. Increased appetite
C. Somnolence (dowsiness)
D. Increased sweating
E. Restlessness

Answer 12

C. Somnolence (dowsiness)

Typical of hypothyroidism

Question 13

What does not increase when insulin binds to its receptor?

Answer 13

D. Gluconeogenesis in the liver

Question 14

Which lines most likely illustrate a patient with type 2 diabetes?

Answer 14

C. B and C

Question 15

Which lines most likely illustrate a patient with acromegaly?

↑GH; GH prevents uptake of glucose → insulin resistant

Answer 15

C. B and C

Question 16

Some pituitary tumors disrupt the connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland. Which of the following is the most likely to occur if the hypothalamic/anterior pituitary connection is disrupted?
A. Increased prolactin
B. Increased FSH
C. Increased IGF-1
D. Decreased CRH
E. Increased T4

Answer 16

A. Increased Prolactin

Question 17

Where is sperm produced?

Answer 17

Seminiferous Tubules

Question 18

_ cells produce testosterone while _ cells promote sperm development.

Answer 18

Leydig
Sertoli

Question 19

Beginning on the first day of the menstrual cycle, the order of events in the uterus is:

Answer 19

Menses, proliferative, secretory phase

Question 20

Which occurs during days 14-28 of the menstrual cycle?
A. Ovulation
B. The endometrial lining is shed (menses)
C. Uterine proliferative phase
D. Uterine Secretory Phase (Luteal Phase)
E. GnRH concentrations are increased

Answer 20

D. Uterine Secretory Phase (Luteal Phase)

Question 21

During the early part of the menstrual cycle, _ acts on granulosa cells, which _ . _ acts on theca cells, which _.

Answer 21

During the early part of the menstrual cycle, FSH acts on granulosa cells, which convert androgens to estrogens . LH acts on theca cells, which synthesize androgens.

Question 22

The follicular phase of the ovarian cycle coincides with which phase or phases of the uterine cycle?

Answer 22

Both the menstrual phase and the proliferative phase are correct

Question 23

Mensturation is triggered by a drop in the level(s) of:

Answer 23

Progesterone
Estrogen

Question 24

Birth control pills work most directly by:

Answer 24

inhibiting FSH and LH release

Question 25

An effective treatment for prostate cancer is anti-androgen therapy whereby drugs are targeted to eliminate testosterone production. If this treatment were given to an otherwise healthy 30 yr old man, what would you expect to see?
A. Increased inhibin
B. Decreased spermatogenesis
C. Decreased GnRH
D. Decreased FSH
E. Decreased LH

Question 26

The hormone primarily responsible for milk synthesis is…

Answer 26

Prolactin

Question 27

The hormone primarily responsible for milk release is…

Answer 27

Oxytocin

Question 28

The menstrual cycle occurs monthly in non-pregnantt women. What happens when a woman gets pregnant?

Answer 28

The woman stops cycling → Corpus luteum is maintained and continues to produce progesterone → uterine lining is not shed

Question 29

Describe the hormone concentrations from the anterior pituitary and ovary during menses.

Answer 29

FSH is low but starts to rise
LH remains low
Estrogen slightly rises
Progesterone remains low

Question 30

Describe the hormone concentrations from the anterior pituitary and ovary during the proloferative phase of the uterine cycle. What does estrogen do to the uterine lining?

Answer 30

FSH spikes just prior to ovulation
LH spikes just prior to ovulation
Progesterone is steady but remains low
Estrogen is increasing and stimulates growth to rebuild lining

Question 31

Describe the hormone concentrations from the anterior pituitary and ovary during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. What does progesterone do to the uterine lining?

Answer 31

FSH is low
LH is low
Estrogen increases at slower rate
Progesterone is dominant and significantly increases → helps promote secretion of mucus and ↑ vascularization of lining to accept pregnancy

Question 32

What happens to hormone concentrations from the ovary at the end og the luteal phase?

Answer 32

Hormone concentrations all drop due to regression of Corpus Luteum

Question 33

What endocrine events do you think happen that stimulate menses?

Answer 33

Loss of hormones
Particularly progesterone and estrogen