Endocrine - Questions Flashcards
Which of the following increases secretion of GH?
A. Old Age
B. IGF-1
C. Somatostatin
D. Hypoglycemia
E. Exogenous GH administration
Hypoglycemia
Potent stimulus of GH, ↓blood glucose
Which of the following is bothh synthesized and stored in the hypothalamus?
A. ADH
B. TSH
C. Somatostatin
D. IGF-1
E. GH
C. Somatostatin
Which substances are most likely to produce the greatest increase in insulin secretion?
A. Amino Acids
B. Amino Acids and glucose
C. Amino Acids and somatostatin
D. Glucose and Somatostatin
B. Amino Acids and Glucose
Which of the following wouldo be expected in a child with dwarfism due to pituitary dysfunction?
Dwarfism = low GH synthesis and secretion
A 46–year old has puffy skin (myexedema) and is lethargic. His plasma TSH is low and increases markedly when he is given TRH. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Hypothyroidism due to an abnormality in the hypothalamus
Myxedema and lethargy = hypothyroidism
TSH is low and increases markedly when he is given TRH = problem in hypothalamus
Which hormone is largely unbound to plasma proteins?
A. Cortisol
B. T4
C. Aldosterone
D. TSH
E. Adrenal androgens
D. TSH
A patient presents with tachychardia and heat intolerance. You suspect Graves; disease. Which of the following is not consistenr with your diagnosis?
A. Increased T4
B. Suppressed TSH levels
C. Exopthalmos
D. Goiter
E. Decreased thyroid radioactive iodine uptake
E. Decreased thyroid radioactive iodine uptake
Uptake would be increased due to stimulation
Which set of curves reflects the responses in a healthy individual, a patient with type 1 diabetes, and a patient with type 2 diabetes?
Which set of curves reflects the responses in a healthy individual and in a patient with Cushing’s syndrome?
Which finding would likely be reported in a patient with a long-term deficiency in iodine intake?
A. Weight loss
B. Nervousness
C. Increased sweating
D. Increased follicular cell hyperplasia
E. Tachycardia
D. Increased follicular cell hyperplasia (goiter)
Which statement about peptide/protein hormones is usually true?
B. They have receptors on the cell membrane
Which symptom would least likely be associated with hyperthyroidism?
A. Tachycardia
B. Increased appetite
C. Somnolence (dowsiness)
D. Increased sweating
E. Restlessness
C. Somnolence (dowsiness)
Typical of hypothyroidism
What does not increase when insulin binds to its receptor?
D. Gluconeogenesis in the liver
Which lines most likely illustrate a patient with type 2 diabetes?
C. B and C
Which lines most likely illustrate a patient with acromegaly?
↑GH; GH prevents uptake of glucose → insulin resistant
C. B and C
Some pituitary tumors disrupt the connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland. Which of the following is the most likely to occur if the hypothalamic/anterior pituitary connection is disrupted?
A. Increased prolactin
B. Increased FSH
C. Increased IGF-1
D. Decreased CRH
E. Increased T4
A. Increased Prolactin
Where is sperm produced?
Seminiferous Tubules
_ cells produce testosterone while _ cells promote sperm development.
Leydig
Sertoli
Beginning on the first day of the menstrual cycle, the order of events in the uterus is:
Menses, proliferative, secretory phase
Which occurs during days 14-28 of the menstrual cycle?
A. Ovulation
B. The endometrial lining is shed (menses)
C. Uterine proliferative phase
D. Uterine Secretory Phase (Luteal Phase)
E. GnRH concentrations are increased
D. Uterine Secretory Phase (Luteal Phase)
During the early part of the menstrual cycle, _ acts on granulosa cells, which _ . _ acts on theca cells, which _.
During the early part of the menstrual cycle, FSH acts on granulosa cells, which convert androgens to estrogens . LH acts on theca cells, which synthesize androgens.
The follicular phase of the ovarian cycle coincides with which phase or phases of the uterine cycle?
Both the menstrual phase and the proliferative phase are correct
Mensturation is triggered by a drop in the level(s) of:
Progesterone
Estrogen
Birth control pills work most directly by:
inhibiting FSH and LH release
An effective treatment for prostate cancer is anti-androgen therapy whereby drugs are targeted to eliminate testosterone production. If this treatment were given to an otherwise healthy 30 yr old man, what would you expect to see?
A. Increased inhibin
B. Decreased spermatogenesis
C. Decreased GnRH
D. Decreased FSH
E. Decreased LH
The hormone primarily responsible for milk synthesis is…
Prolactin
The hormone primarily responsible for milk release is…
Oxytocin
The menstrual cycle occurs monthly in non-pregnantt women. What happens when a woman gets pregnant?
The woman stops cycling → Corpus luteum is maintained and continues to produce progesterone → uterine lining is not shed
Describe the hormone concentrations from the anterior pituitary and ovary during menses.
FSH is low but starts to rise
LH remains low
Estrogen slightly rises
Progesterone remains low
Describe the hormone concentrations from the anterior pituitary and ovary during the proloferative phase of the uterine cycle. What does estrogen do to the uterine lining?
FSH spikes just prior to ovulation
LH spikes just prior to ovulation
Progesterone is steady but remains low
Estrogen is increasing and stimulates growth to rebuild lining
Describe the hormone concentrations from the anterior pituitary and ovary during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. What does progesterone do to the uterine lining?
FSH is low
LH is low
Estrogen increases at slower rate
Progesterone is dominant and significantly increases → helps promote secretion of mucus and ↑ vascularization of lining to accept pregnancy
What happens to hormone concentrations from the ovary at the end og the luteal phase?
Hormone concentrations all drop due to regression of Corpus Luteum
What endocrine events do you think happen that stimulate menses?
Loss of hormones
Particularly progesterone and estrogen
