Cardiac Intro

Question 1

The cardiovascular system is a __ and __ system.

Answer 1

Transport
Communication

Question 2

Components of the Cardiovascular System…

Answer 2

Right Heart
Pulmonary Vessels
Left Heart
Elastic Arteries
Muscular Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venous Vessels

Question 3

What are the two circulations of the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 3

Pulmonary Circulation (through lungs)
Systemic Circulation (through all organs except lungs)

Question 4

What direction does blood flow?

Answer 4

LV -> Aortic Valve -> aorta throughout the body -> RA -> Tricuspid Valve -> RV -> Pulmonary Artery -> Lungs -> Pulmonary Veins -> LA -> Mitral Valve -> LV

Question 5

What is considered the site of resistance?

Answer 5

The arterioles

Question 6

What happens in the circulatory system when the artieoles create resistance?

Answer 6

Increase Constriction
Increase Resistance
Increase Pressure
Decrease Flow to Capillaries

Question 7

The Systemic system is divided into…

Answer 7

Venous
Arterial

Question 8

Which side of systemic circulation is high volume, low pressure?

Answer 8

Venous

Question 9

Which side of systemic circulaiton is low volume, high pressure?

Answer 9

Arterial

Question 10

Which portion of the circulatory system holds the largest blood volume at any given time?

Answer 10

Venous System
75% - 80%

Question 11

How much blood volume can the LV pump at any given time?

Answer 11

Only as much as the RV sends to it

Question 12

What occurs when the ventricles do not pump the same blood volume?

Answer 12

It can cause edema

Question 13

If the left ventricular output is 60 mL/beat and the right ventricular output is 0.1% greater, by how much would the pulmonary blood volume increase over 1 hour if the heart rate is 75 beats/min?

Answer 13

60 x .001 = 0.06 x 75 = 4.5 mL x 60 = 270 mL/hour

Question 14

Which part of the circulatory system has the lowest pressure?

Answer 14

RA

Question 15

What causes the valves to open and close?

Answer 15

pressure differences between the Atriums and the Ventricles

Question 16

When does the tricuspid valve open?

Answer 16

When pressure is higher in the RA than in the RV

Question 17

When does the tricuspid valve close?

Answer 17

Ventricular Contraction
When pressure is higher in the RV than the RA

Question 18

When does the Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve open?

Answer 18

when pressure is higher in the LA than LV

Question 19

When does the Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve close?

Answer 19

When pressure is higher in the LV than the LA

Question 20

Which part of the circulatory system has the highest pressure?

Answer 20

LV

Question 21

What causes a blood clot?

Answer 21

Collagen interacting with platelets

Question 22

How does cross sectional area affect vecolity of blood flow?

Answer 22

Larger cross sectional area = lower velocity

Question 23

How does arteriole constriction affect CO distribution?

Answer 23

Arteriole constriction controls CO distribution to the body by effecting which organs get more blood flow

Question 24

What happens to cardiac output when heart rate and stroke volume increase?

Answer 24

CO increase

Question 25

What happens to cardiac output distribution during exercise?

Answer 25

It decreases distribution to areas that don't need it as much, like the stomach, and increases it to areas that need it more, like the lungs The arterioles in the stomach would constrict but the artieoles in the muscles would dilate

Question 26

How does the does the distribution of sympathetic fibers affect the heart?

Answer 26

Fibers distributed to the left primarily affect the force of contraction of the heart (contractility) Fibers distrubuted to the right side affect heart rate (SA Node) more than force of contraction

Question 27

How does parasympatheic innervation affect the heart?

Answer 27

Parasympathetic stimulatio reduces force of contraction and heart rate

Question 28

The cardiac output of the right heart must equal...

Answer 28

the cardiac output of the left heart

Question 29

Where in the cardiovascular system is the flow velocity most rapid?

Answer 29

At the root of the Aorta

Question 30

Where in the cardiovascular system is the flow velocity slowest?

Answer 30

Capillaries

Question 31

How does the pulmonary capillary wedge work?

Answer 31

A tube with a balloon is inserted through the RA and RV into the pulmonary artery, the balloon is expanded an the tip of the wedge measures the back flow of pressure from the LV to estimate BP