Cardiac Intro Flashcards
The cardiovascular system is a __ and __ system.
Transport
Communication
Components of the Cardiovascular System…
Right Heart
Pulmonary Vessels
Left Heart
Elastic Arteries
Muscular Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venous Vessels
What are the two circulations of the Cardiovascular System?
Pulmonary Circulation (through lungs)
Systemic Circulation (through all organs except lungs)
What direction does blood flow?
LV -> Aortic Valve -> aorta throughout the body -> RA -> Tricuspid Valve -> RV -> Pulmonary Artery -> Lungs -> Pulmonary Veins -> LA -> Mitral Valve -> LV
What is considered the site of resistance?
The arterioles
What happens in the circulatory system when the artieoles create resistance?
Increase Constriction
Increase Resistance
Increase Pressure
Decrease Flow to Capillaries
The Systemic system is divided into…
Venous
Arterial
Which side of systemic circulation is high volume, low pressure?
Venous
Which side of systemic circulaiton is low volume, high pressure?
Arterial
Which portion of the circulatory system holds the largest blood volume at any given time?
Venous System
75% - 80%
How much blood volume can the LV pump at any given time?
Only as much as the RV sends to it
What occurs when the ventricles do not pump the same blood volume?
It can cause edema
If the left ventricular output is 60 mL/beat and the right ventricular output is 0.1% greater, by how much would the pulmonary blood volume increase over 1 hour if the heart rate is 75 beats/min?
60 x .001 = 0.06 x 75 = 4.5 mL x 60 = 270 mL/hour
Which part of the circulatory system has the lowest pressure?
RA
What causes the valves to open and close?
pressure differences between the Atriums and the Ventricles
When does the tricuspid valve open?
When pressure is higher in the RA than in the RV
When does the tricuspid valve close?
Ventricular Contraction
When pressure is higher in the RV than the RA
When does the Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve open?
when pressure is higher in the LA than LV
When does the Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve close?
When pressure is higher in the LV than the LA
Which part of the circulatory system has the highest pressure?
LV
What causes a blood clot?
Collagen interacting with platelets
How does cross sectional area affect vecolity of blood flow?
Larger cross sectional area = lower velocity
How does arteriole constriction affect CO distribution?
Arteriole constriction controls CO distribution to the body by effecting which organs get more blood flow
What happens to cardiac output when heart rate and stroke volume increase?
CO increase
What happens to cardiac output distribution during exercise?
It decreases distribution to areas that don’t need it as much, like the stomach, and increases it to areas that need it more, like the lungs
The arterioles in the stomach would constrict but the artieoles in the muscles would dilate
How does the does the distribution of sympathetic fibers affect the heart?
Fibers distributed to the left primarily affect the force of contraction of the heart (contractility)
Fibers distrubuted to the right side affect heart rate (SA Node) more than force of contraction
How does parasympatheic innervation affect the heart?
Parasympathetic stimulatio reduces force of contraction and heart rate
The cardiac output of the right heart must equal…
the cardiac output of the left heart
Where in the cardiovascular system is the flow velocity most rapid?
At the root of the Aorta
Where in the cardiovascular system is the flow velocity slowest?
Capillaries
How does the pulmonary capillary wedge work?
A tube with a balloon is inserted through the RA and RV into the pulmonary artery, the balloon is expanded an the tip of the wedge measures the back flow of pressure from the LV to estimate BP
