Renal - Questions Flashcards by Mary Kate Heard | Brainscape

Q

How can we make a solution more concentrated?

A

Take out water or add more solute

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Q

How can we make a solution less concentrated?

Dilute

A

Add water or take out solute

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Q

Where is the major site of regulated Na+ reabsorption?

A

Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct

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Q

Angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of what steroid hormone?

A

Aldosterone

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Q

What structure detectes changes in the delivery of Na+ to the TAL/DCT?

A

Macula Densa

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Q

This factor is the rate-limiting step in the production of angiotensin II.

A

Renin

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Q

The sympatheic nervous system stimulates renin secretion from the _ cells.

A

granular cells

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Q

Where are granular cells located?

A

Afferent Arterioles

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Q

In what part of the nephron is the JGA located?

A

Where the TALL meets the DT

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Q

Where is the K+ reabsorbed in the nephron?

A

Proximal Tubule
Thick AL

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Q

Where is K+ secereted in the nephron?

A

Late Distal Tubule
Collecting Duct

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Q

Which of the following will increase K+ seretion?
Hyperaldosteronism
Increased delivery of Na+ to the distal tubule

A

Hyperaldosteronism
Increased delivery of Na+ to the distal tubule

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Q

What is the proper sequence for general flow of the renal system?

A

Kidney
Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra

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Q

What is the proper sequence for blood flow of the renal system?

A

Renal Artery
Afferent Arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent Arteriole
Peritubular Capillaries
Renal Vein

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Q

What is the proper sequence for filtrate flow of the renal system?

A

Glomerulus
Bowman’s Capsule
Proximal Tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal Tubule
Collecting Duct

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Q

Which of the following would cause the greatest decrease in GFR in a person with otherwise normal kidneys?
A. Decrease in renal pressure from 100 to 80 mmHg in a normal kidney
B. 50% increase in glomerular capillary filtration coefficient
C. 5 mmHg increase in glomerular capillary blood pressure
D. 50% decrease in afferent arteriolar resistance
E. 50% decrease in efferent arteriolar resistance
F. 5 mmHg decrease in Bowman’s capsule pressure

A

50% decrease in efferent arteriolar resistance

Q

Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…

A rise in Bowman’s Capsule pressure resulting from ureteral obstruction by a kidney stone

A

Decrease

Q

Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…

A fall in plasma protein resulting from loss of these proteinsn from a large burned surface

A

Increase

Q

Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…

A dramatic fall in arterial blood pressure following severe hemorhage (<80 mmHg)

A

Decrease

Q

Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…

Afferent Arteriolar vasoconstriction

A

Decrease

Q

Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…

Tubuloglomerular feedback response to a decrease in tubular flow rate

A

Increase

Q

Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…

Myogenic response of an afferent arteriole stretched as a result of an increased driving BP

A

Decrease

Q

Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…

Sympathetic activity to the afferent arterioles

A

Decrease

Q

Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…

Contraction of the mesangial cells

A

Decrease

Q

Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…

Contraction of the podocytes

A

Decrease

Q

Which of the following individuals would have the lowest percentage of body H20?
A. A chubby baby
B. A well-proportioned female college student
C. A well-proportioned male college student
D. An obese, elderly woman
E. A lean, elderly man

A

D. An obese, elderly woman

Q

What governs water movement vs. capillary wall?

A

Hydrostatic pressure (BP)
Oncotic Pressure (Plasma proteins)

Q

What governs water movement vs. plasma membrane?

A

Osmotic effects alone

Q

How does hyperglycemia cause excessive urine production?

A

Filtered load is greater than the capacity of tubules to reabsorb it
Transporters become saturated, glucose ends up in the urine

Q

How do we get rid of urea?

A

It gets secreted back into the tubuel, by the end of descending limb of LoH, urea in the blood > tubule, so urea diffuses from vasa recta into the tubule

Q

Long-term administration of furosemide would do what?
A. Inhibit the Na+-Cl- cotransporters in the renal DT
B. Inhibit the Na+-K+-Cl-cotransporter in the renqal tubules
C. Tend to reduce renal concentrating ability
D. Tend to cause hyperkalemia
E. A and C
F. B and C
G. B, C, D

A

F. B and C
B. Inhibit the Na+-K+-Cl-cotransporter in the renqal tubules
C. Tend to reduce renal concentrating ability

Q

What is the osmolarity in Bowman’s capsule?

A

Isotonic

Q

What is the osmolarity at the end of the proximal tubule?

A

Isotonic

Q

What is the osmolarity at the tip of the LoH in the juxtamedullary nephron (bottom of the U)?

A

Hypertonic

Q

What is the osmolarity at the end of LoH in the juxtamedullary nephron (before DT)?

A

Hypotonic

Q

What is the osmolarity at the end of CD?

A

Varies ranging from hypo to hyper
Low - excess water
Higher - dehydration