Renal - Questions Flashcards
How can we make a solution more concentrated?
Take out water or add more solute
How can we make a solution less concentrated?
Dilute
Add water or take out solute
Where is the major site of regulated Na+ reabsorption?
Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct
Angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of what steroid hormone?
Aldosterone
What structure detectes changes in the delivery of Na+ to the TAL/DCT?
Macula Densa
This factor is the rate-limiting step in the production of angiotensin II.
Renin
The sympatheic nervous system stimulates renin secretion from the _ cells.
granular cells
Where are granular cells located?
Afferent Arterioles
In what part of the nephron is the JGA located?
Where the TALL meets the DT
Where is the K+ reabsorbed in the nephron?
Proximal Tubule
Thick AL
Where is K+ secereted in the nephron?
Late Distal Tubule
Collecting Duct
Which of the following will increase K+ seretion?
Hyperaldosteronism
Increased delivery of Na+ to the distal tubule
Hyperaldosteronism
Increased delivery of Na+ to the distal tubule
What is the proper sequence for general flow of the renal system?
Kidney
Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
What is the proper sequence for blood flow of the renal system?
Renal Artery
Afferent Arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent Arteriole
Peritubular Capillaries
Renal Vein
What is the proper sequence for filtrate flow of the renal system?
Glomerulus
Bowman’s Capsule
Proximal Tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal Tubule
Collecting Duct
Which of the following would cause the greatest decrease in GFR in a person with otherwise normal kidneys?
A. Decrease in renal pressure from 100 to 80 mmHg in a normal kidney
B. 50% increase in glomerular capillary filtration coefficient
C. 5 mmHg increase in glomerular capillary blood pressure
D. 50% decrease in afferent arteriolar resistance
E. 50% decrease in efferent arteriolar resistance
F. 5 mmHg decrease in Bowman’s capsule pressure
50% decrease in efferent arteriolar resistance
Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…
A rise in Bowman’s Capsule pressure resulting from ureteral obstruction by a kidney stone
Decrease
Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…
A fall in plasma protein resulting from loss of these proteinsn from a large burned surface
Increase
Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…
A dramatic fall in arterial blood pressure following severe hemorhage (<80 mmHg)
Decrease
Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…
Afferent Arteriolar vasoconstriction
Decrease
Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…
Tubuloglomerular feedback response to a decrease in tubular flow rate
Increase
Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…
Myogenic response of an afferent arteriole stretched as a result of an increased driving BP
Decrease
Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…
Sympathetic activity to the afferent arterioles
Decrease
Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…
Contraction of the mesangial cells
Decrease
Would GFR increase or decrease if there is…
Contraction of the podocytes
Decrease
Which of the following individuals would have the lowest percentage of body H20?
A. A chubby baby
B. A well-proportioned female college student
C. A well-proportioned male college student
D. An obese, elderly woman
E. A lean, elderly man
D. An obese, elderly woman
What governs water movement vs. capillary wall?
Hydrostatic pressure (BP)
Oncotic Pressure (Plasma proteins)
What governs water movement vs. plasma membrane?
Osmotic effects alone
How does hyperglycemia cause excessive urine production?
Filtered load is greater than the capacity of tubules to reabsorb it
Transporters become saturated, glucose ends up in the urine
How do we get rid of urea?
It gets secreted back into the tubuel, by the end of descending limb of LoH, urea in the blood > tubule, so urea diffuses from vasa recta into the tubule
Long-term administration of furosemide would do what?
A. Inhibit the Na+-Cl- cotransporters in the renal DT
B. Inhibit the Na+-K+-Cl-cotransporter in the renqal tubules
C. Tend to reduce renal concentrating ability
D. Tend to cause hyperkalemia
E. A and C
F. B and C
G. B, C, D
F. B and C
B. Inhibit the Na+-K+-Cl-cotransporter in the renqal tubules
C. Tend to reduce renal concentrating ability
What is the osmolarity in Bowman’s capsule?
Isotonic
What is the osmolarity at the end of the proximal tubule?
Isotonic
What is the osmolarity at the tip of the LoH in the juxtamedullary nephron (bottom of the U)?
Hypertonic
What is the osmolarity at the end of LoH in the juxtamedullary nephron (before DT)?
Hypotonic
What is the osmolarity at the end of CD?
Varies ranging from hypo to hyper
Low - excess water
Higher - dehydration
