Endocrine - Adrenal Glands High Yield Concepts Flashcards
The adrenal gland is composed of…
a cortex
mesodermal origin
medulla
neuro-ectodermal origin
The adrenal cortex produces…
steroid hormones
The adrenal medulla produces…
catecholamines
Where does aldosterone synthesis occur?
The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex
_ is the strongest naturally occurring mineralocorticoid in humans.
Aldosterone
Gluocorticoids and sex hormones are primairly produced in…
the zona fasciculate and zona reticularis
_ is the major glucocorticoid produced in the adrenal cortex
Cortisol
_ and _ are the major sex hormones produced in the adrenal cortex
DHEA and Androstenedione
Major stimuli for cortisol secretion include…
stress
Hypoglycemia
Hemorrhage
ACTH
Major actions of cortisol include…
↑ gluconeogenesisi, lipolysis, proteolysis
What is the relationship between cortisol and the vasopressive actions of catecholamines?
Cortisol is hyperglycemis, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and permissive for catecholamine’s vasopressive actions
Cushing’s syndrome results from…
Hypercortisolism
or
of the basis of the disorder is ↑ pituitary ACTH secretion
Common symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome include…
centripetal far distribution
muscle wasting
muscle weakness
thin skin with abdominal striae
insulin resistance
Addison’s disease is…
an adrenocortical insufficiency
Common symptoms of Addison’s disease include…
hypotension
hyperpigmentation
muscle weakness
hypoglycemia
What is the cause of Congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
a congential enzyme deficiency that blocks production of cortisol
What is the result of Congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
The enzyme blockage results in elevated ACTH secretion, which stimulate adrenal cortical growth and secretion of precursors producedbefor the block
What is the most common form of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?
21-hydroxylase deficiency
