Endocrine - Adrenal Glands High Yield Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

The adrenal gland is composed of…

A

a cortex
mesodermal origin
medulla
neuro-ectodermal origin

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2
Q

The adrenal cortex produces…

A

steroid hormones

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3
Q

The adrenal medulla produces…

A

catecholamines

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4
Q

Where does aldosterone synthesis occur?

A

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex

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5
Q

_ is the strongest naturally occurring mineralocorticoid in humans.

A

Aldosterone

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6
Q

Gluocorticoids and sex hormones are primairly produced in…

A

the zona fasciculate and zona reticularis

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7
Q

_ is the major glucocorticoid produced in the adrenal cortex

A

Cortisol

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8
Q

_ and _ are the major sex hormones produced in the adrenal cortex

A

DHEA and Androstenedione

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9
Q

Major stimuli for cortisol secretion include…

A

stress
Hypoglycemia
Hemorrhage
ACTH

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10
Q

Major actions of cortisol include…

A

↑ gluconeogenesisi, lipolysis, proteolysis

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11
Q

What is the relationship between cortisol and the vasopressive actions of catecholamines?

A

Cortisol is hyperglycemis, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and permissive for catecholamine’s vasopressive actions

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12
Q

Cushing’s syndrome results from…

A

Hypercortisolism
or
of the basis of the disorder is ↑ pituitary ACTH secretion

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13
Q

Common symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome include…

A

centripetal far distribution
muscle wasting
muscle weakness
thin skin with abdominal striae
insulin resistance

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14
Q

Addison’s disease is…

A

an adrenocortical insufficiency

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15
Q

Common symptoms of Addison’s disease include…

A

hypotension
hyperpigmentation
muscle weakness
hypoglycemia

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16
Q

What is the cause of Congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A

a congential enzyme deficiency that blocks production of cortisol

17
Q

What is the result of Congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A

The enzyme blockage results in elevated ACTH secretion, which stimulate adrenal cortical growth and secretion of precursors producedbefor the block

18
Q

What is the most common form of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency