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MD3001 > Respiratory anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

location of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

between the trachea and oesophagus

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2
Q

right vagus nerve

A

lies on the trachea

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3
Q

right phrenic

A

lies on SVC

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4
Q

left vagus

A

lies on the aortic arch

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5
Q

phrenic nerve

A

lies anterior to lung roots

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6
Q

vagus

A

posterior to lung roots

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7
Q

blood supply to trachea

A

inferior thyroid arteries and bronchial arteries

inferior thyroid vein

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8
Q

lymph drainage from trachea

A

pre and para tracheal nodes

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9
Q

nerve supply of trachea

A

vagi, reccurent laryngeal and sympathetic trunk

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10
Q

describe the numbers of lung segments

A

10 in total
3 superior lobe
2 middle or lingual
5 lower lobe

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11
Q

oblique fissure

A

spine of T4 to rib 6

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12
Q

horizontal fissure

A

4th intercostal space until it meets the oblique fissure at the mid axillary line

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13
Q

describe the parts of the hilum

A

bronchi- posterior
pulmonary arteries- anterior superior
pulmonary veins- anterior inferior

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14
Q

pulmonary ligament

A

allows hilar movement

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15
Q

origin of the right bronchial artery

A

3rd posterior intercostal artery from the descending aorta

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16
Q

origin of two left bronchial arteries

A

direct branch from the descending aorta

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17
Q

drainage of bronchial arteries

A

may anastomose with pulmonary arteries

drains to azygous system

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18
Q

where does the deep lymphatic plexus drain to?

A

pulmonary nodes, located in the hila

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19
Q

where do the pulmonary nodes drain to?

A

bronchopulmonary nodes (around the main bronchi)

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20
Q

where do the bronchopulmonary nodes drain to?

A

inferior and superior tracheobronchial nodes ( around the carina)

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21
Q

where do the tracheabronchial and posterior mediastinal nodes drain to?

A

paratracheal nodes and bronchomediastinal lymph trunks

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22
Q

where would a chest drain be inserted

A

just above the rib to avoid damage to NV bundle

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23
Q

what nerve supplies the axilla wall and upper medial part of UL and is at risk in breast surgery

A

Intercostobrachial Nerve

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24
Q

what dermatomes supple the skin and muscles of the abdo wall

A

T7- 12

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25
what does the ventral rami of t2-11 make
the intercostal nerves
26
what is the subcostal nerve made of
T12 runs along the border of the twelfth rib
27
where may a breast tumour spread to
anterior grp, central grp, apical grp mostly but also to internal mammary nodes
28
where does the breast receive its blood supply from
internal thoracic artery anterior intercostal branches superior thoracic thoraco acromonial and lateral thoracic branches of the axillary artery so most lymph drains to apical nodes
29
where does thoracic wall lymph drain to
parasternal nodes | intercostal nodes
30
what veins drain the intercostal spaces
anterior intercostal veins posterior intercostal veins (both venae comitantes- int thoracic art and post intercostal art)
31
what muscles are described here: lower ribs posterior internal surface
subcostales
32
what muscles are described here: internal aspect of ribs and costal cartilages 3-6 downwards and medially to the sternum and costal margin anterior ribs, internal surface
transversus thoracis
33
in what direction do the external intercostal muscles go
downwards and medially
34
what direction do the internal intercostal muscles go
downwards and laterally
35
what lies on top of the parietal pleura
endothoracic fascia
36
what type of joint is between a rib and costal cartilage
primary cartilaginous joint (hyaline)
37
what features can be seen on the first rib
scalene tubercle of scalenus anterior groove for subclavian vein groove for subclavian artery and lower trunk of the brachial plexus
38
where does the diaphragm attach
anterior to xiphoid process - T8/9 | deep surfaces of ribs and costal cartilages 7-12
39
where is the median arcuate ligament
T12 sympathetic trunk goes behind
40
where is the medial arcuate ligament
body of L1 to transverse process L1
41
where is the lateral arcuate ligament
tip of L1 to transverse process t12 rib | subcostal vessels and nerve go behind
42
where is the left crus
L1 and 2 bodies
43
where is the right crus
L1, 2, 3 bodies
44
what comes through the diaphragm at t8
IVC | right phrenic nerve
45
what comes through the diaphragm at t10
oesophagus vagus nerves left gastric vessels
46
what comes through the diaphragm at t12
aorta thoracic duct azygous veins
47
what goes through the crura
splanchnic nerves
48
what is the arterial supply of the diaphragm
internal thoracic => pericardiophrenic musculophrenic sup phrenic arteries from aorta lower internal intercostal arteries
49
where does bucket handle inspiration occur
ribs 8 -10 due to flat costo transverse joints that allow gliding
50
describe the pleural surface markings of reflections
``` Rise to level of neck of 1st rib, 2 cms above clavicle •2nd cc lie adjacent in the mid line •4th Lcc notch for the heart •6th cc deviate laterally •8th rib lie in the midclavicular line •10th rib lie in the mid axillary line •12th rib lie in the mid scapular line •Mid line level with T12 (just below the 12th rib) ```
51
what is the costomediastinal recess
anteriorly where pleura wraps around the mediastinum but lungs does not fill the recess
52
describe the surface markings of the lungs
Rise to level of neck of 1st rib, 2 cms above clavicle •2nd cc lie adjacent in the mid line •4th Lcc cardiac notch •6th cc deviate laterally •6th rib lie in the midclavicular line •8th rib lie in the mid axillary line •10th rib lie in the mid scapular line and mid line 2 spaces higher than the pleura
53
what segment is particularly prone to pneumonia
apical segment of the inferior lobe- inferolateral to the upper posterior position of the oblique fissure listen below and lateral to the spine of T4
54
what is extension
a superimposed acute MI following a large MI
55
what nerves supply the intercostal spaces
intercostal nerves t1-11 ventral rami of t2 - 11 are the intercostal nerves t12 is the subcostal nerve
56
in what direction do external intercostals go
downwards and medially
57
what direction do internal intercostals go
downwards and laterally
58
where are subcostales found
lower ribs, internal surfaces, posterior
59
where is transversus thoracis
anterior
60
what does the supreme intercostal artery supply
1st two ic spaces from costocervical trunk
61
what does the intercostobrachial nerve supply
t2- supplies the thorax wall in the axilla and upper medial UL
62
what are the 3 segments of the upper lobe
post, ant, apical
63
what are the 2 segments of the middle lobe of the right lung
medial and lateral
64
what are the 2 segments of the lingual of the left lung
sup and inf
65
what are the 5 segments of the lower lobe
apical | med lat ant post
66
where does the single right bronchial artery arise
3rd posterior intercostal artery
67
where do the two left bronchial arteries arise
directly from the aorta
68
where do the bronchial arteries drain
azygous or pulmonary veins
69
describe lung lymph drainage
``` pulmonary bronchopulmonary tracheobronchial paratracheal bronchomediastinal thoracic duct or right lymphatic trunk ```
70
what is the nerve supply of the lung
pulmonary plexus visceral pleura has no sensory supply parietal pleura has sensory from intercostal and phrenic
71
what could lung tumours impinging on nerves cause
phrenic nerve- diaphragm paralysis cervical sympathetic trunk - horners left side only- LRLN -horseness
72
describe the int mammary
branch of first part of the subclavian lies along the margins of the septum terminates as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries supplies medial 1/2 breast
73
how many anterior intercostal arteries are there per space
2 per space in space 1-6 7-10 supplied by musculophrenic 11 and 12 have no anterior supply
74
what is the blood supply to the intercostal spaces
``` supreme intercostal ant intercostals post intercostals musculophrenic subcostal arteries ```
75
what is the venous drainage of the intercostal spaces
BCV superior intercostal vein (2nd and 3rd spaces) azygos venae comitantes
76
lymph drainage of the IC spaces
parasternal nodes | intercostal nodes on the rib heads
77
where would you listen for pneumonia
below and lateral to t4 spinous process- apical segment of inferior lobe
78
where does the horizontal fissure meet the oblique fissure
mid axillary line

MD3001 (33 decks)

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