Ethics Flashcards
What are the acts governing animal research?
cruelty to animals
ASPA - animals in scientific procedures act
home office
what are the 3 Rs in ASPA
reduction
replacement
refinement
describe the tiers of animal regulation
Home office animals procedures inspectorate local ethics committee site licence personal licence project licence concordat on openness
what governs NHS research
NRES
national research ethics service
give some strategies for resource allocation
equal access according to clinical need according to health gains - QALY age discrimination individual responsibility for disease according to ability to pay excluding treatment random allocation
what is the role of NICE
evidence based guidance for health and care practitioners
technology appraisal recommendations
describe a technology appraisal
- recommended for use in NHS
- only in certain pt groups
- only in trials
- should not be used in the nhs
what is the organisational duty of candour?
organisations must inform patients when they have been harmed as a result of care
ill treatment of wilful neglect is a crime
apologies
what is the professional duty of candour
tell the patient
apologise
offer support/ remedy
explain fully the effects
what may happen as a response to inadequate care
legal action
nhs complaints procedure
gmc disciplinary action
what must be established in a negligence claim
1 owed a duty of care
2 failure to provide reasonable care
3 caused harm (causation and proximity + probability not possibility)
what is the bolam test
if a dr has acted in accordance with a practice accepted as proper by other drs
what is the Bolitho test
bolam + must be capable of withstanding logical analysis
describe the impact of montgomery
- does the pt know the risks
2 does the pt know of reasonable alternatives - have I taken reasonable care to make sure the patient actually knows this
what are the stages of an nhs complain
local resolution
ombudsman
judicial review
