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MD3001 > cardiovascular anatomy > Flashcards

cardiovascular anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

pulmonary circulation pressure

A

12 – 16 mmHg

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2
Q

corners of the heart

A

3rd R CC
6 R CC
2nd L CC
Left 5 interspace mid clavicular line

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3
Q

Lateral supraclavicular nerve

A

supplies skin over shoulder, which is the C4 dermatome

C3 , 4

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4
Q

what does the right coronary artery supply

A 
walls of RA and RV
SAN and AVN nodes
post part of interventricular septum
part of LA and LV
His
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5
Q

what is an inferior infarct

A

obstruction of right coronary artery

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6
Q

what does the LCA supply

A

walls of LV and LA

most of interventricular septum

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7
Q

what is an anterior infarct

A

obstruction of LAD

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8
Q

what artery is most commonly affected by atherosclerosis

A

LAD

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9
Q

what is a lateral infarct

A

obstruction of the circumflex

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10
Q

what vessels may be used in a CABG

A

great saphenous vein
LIMA
left internal throracic

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11
Q

where will a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty first be inserted

A

femoral artery

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12
Q

what artery accompanies the great cardiac vein

A

LAD

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13
Q

what artery accompanies the middle cardiac vein

A

post interventricular

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14
Q

what artery accompanies the small cardiac vein

A

right marginal

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15
Q

which veins do not drain into the coronary sinus

A

venae cordis minimi

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16
Q

where does the descending aorta start and end

A

angle of Louis
to aortic hiatus T12, behind the crura and median arcuate ligament
lies on the left of the vertebral bodies then moves to the midline

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17
Q

what are the branches of the thoracic aorta

A

oesophageal arteries (middle third oesophagus)
9 posterior intercostals
subcostal arteries(supply posterior abdo wall)
bronchial arteries
other small arteries

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18
Q

where does the middle oesophagus drain to

A

azygous vein

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19
Q

where do the internal thoracic arteries branch from

A

subclavian arteries

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20
Q

what branches from the internal thoracic

A

anterior intercostals

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21
Q

where is the oesophagus

A

starts at c6
25 cm long
immediately anterior to the vertebral column
pierces the diaphragm at t10

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22
Q

what is the function of the cricopharyngeal sphincter

A

stops the swallowing of air into stomach

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23
Q

what supplies the superior part of oesophagus

A

inferior thyroid arteries
brachiocephalic veins
reccurent laryngeal nerves
deep cervical nodes

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24
Q

what supplies the middle oesophagus

A

oesophageal arteries
azygous system
oesophageal plexus
tracheobronchial nodes

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25
Q

what supplies the inferior third of oesophagus

A

left gastric artery
left gastric veins and then portal vein
oesophageal plexus
left gastric and coeliac nodes

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26
Q

how do oesophageal varices form

A

liver cirrhosis
increased portal pressure
blood enters submucosal veins via porto systemic anastomosis
enters azygous

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27
Q

what are the 4 oesophageal constrictions

A

upper oesophageal sphincter
arch of aorta
left main bronchus
diaphragm (lower oesophageal sphincter)

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28
Q

what is the thoracic duct a continuation of

A

cisterna chyli

lies between the aorta and the azygous vein

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29
Q

what is a chylothorax

A

a type of pleural effusion. It results from lymph formed in the digestive system called chyle accumulating in the pleural cavity due to either disruption or obstruction of the thoracic duct eg surgery

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30
Q

where does the thoracic duct enter the thorax

A

aortic hiatus t12 with the azygous vein

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31
Q

what does the azygous vein drain

A

posterior wall of the thorax and parts of the abdomen

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32
Q

what ribs does the breast overlay

A

2-6

contains 16 ducts

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33
Q

what structures pass through the thoracic inlet and lie on the first rib

A

subclavian vein
subclavian artery
inf trunk brachial plexus

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34
Q

what makes up the thoracic outlet

A

t12
ribs 11 and 12
costal cartilage 7-10
xiphoid cartilage

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35
Q

what are the 4 corners of the heart

A

3rd right CC
6th Right CC
2 L CC
5 left is mid clavicular line

36
Q

where is the thymus

A

jugular notch to 4th CC

37
Q

what is the blood supply of the thymus

A

internal thoracic and inferior thyroid arteries

venous to left brachiocephalic vein

38
Q

what nerve lies to the right of the trachea

A

right vagus

39
Q

what nerve lies to the right of SVC

A

phrenic

40
Q

structures on the left of the mediastinum are related to what

A

arteries and the left ventricle

41
Q

what nerve lies on the arch of the aorta

A

left vagus

42
Q

what nerve lies on the left ventricle

A

left phrenic

43
Q

describe the mediastinal planes

A 
thymus
1 venous plane
vagus and phrenic 
2arterial plane
3 trachea and oesophagus
44
Q

where is the SVC origin found

A

behind 1st right costal cartilage

45
Q

where does the azygos vein join the SVC

A

behind the 2nd right costal cartilage

46
Q

where does the svc enter the right atrium

A

posterior to 3rd right cc

47
Q

where does the brachiocephalic trunk divide

A

posterior to the right sternoclavicular joint

48
Q

where does the left superior intercostal vein lie

A

lies on arch of the aorta between vagus and phrenic
passes into the left brachiocephalic vein

drains the 2, 3, 4 IC spaces

49
Q

where is the trachea

A

c6 - t4/5

includes trachealis muscle

50
Q

where is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

between the trachea and oesophagus

51
Q

where is the thoracic duct

A

in between the aorta and azygos vein

crosses behind the oesophagus and t4/5 to ascend on the left

then arches over the apex of the left lung and enters the junction of the left internal jugular and left subclavian vein at the left brachiocephalic

52
Q

where is the LRLN

A

inferior to the ligamentum arteriosum before ascending between the trachea and oesophagus to reach the larynx

53
Q

where do the mediastinal nodes lie

A

around the carina
superior tracheobronchial or inferior tracheobronchial

drain the lungs and hila so involved in metastasis

54
Q

where are the anterior mediastinal nodes

A

around the brachiocephalic veins
drain to thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct and communicate with the deep cervical nodes

therefore lung cancer can cause palpable neck nodes

55
Q

where is the posterior mediastinum

A

below IV disk at t4/5
behind the pericardial sac and diaphragm
to posterior attachment of diaphragm at t12

56
Q

how many posterior intercostal arteries are there and what do they supply

A

9
ic spaces 3-11

subcostal arteries lie inf to 12th rib and supply post abdo wall

57
Q

how many bronchial arteries are there

A

2 on the left and one on the right

direct branch of thoracic aorta

58
Q

where does the middle oesophagus drain to

A

azygos

because its supplied by the aorta

59
Q

what passes through the right crus of the diaphragm

A

oesophagus

60
Q

what contributes to the physiological cardiac sphincter

A

oblique entry into stomach
right crus of diaphragm
resting tone in smooth muscle

this prevents gastric reflux

61
Q

what does the phrenic supply

A 
diaphragm motor 
sensory:
central tendon of the diaphragm, its parietal pleura and underlying parietal peritoneum
sensory from mediastinal parietal pleura
sensory from pericardium

a branch of the cervical plexus

62
Q

what is the value of the supraclavicular nerve

A

c3, 4

supplies skin over shoulder which is the c4 dermatome
hence referred pain

63
Q

what 3 vessels lead into the RA

A

IVC SVC coronary sinus

64
Q

where are the musculi pectinati and crista terminalis found

A

RA, anterior wall

65
Q

where is the SAN

A

close to the opening of SVC

66
Q

where is the AVN

A

septum between the opening of the coronary sinus and tricuspid valve

67
Q

what is the limbus fossa ovalis

A

the border of the fossa ovalis

68
Q

where are the trabeculae carneae found

A

ventricles

69
Q

what is the Septomarginal trabecular aka moderator band

A

found in the right ventricle

carries impulse to the papillary muscles

70
Q

how many cusps does each papillary muscle send chordae to

A

2

71
Q

what is the function of the cardiac skeleton

A

supports the valves and myocardium

electrically separates the atria and ventricles

72
Q

describe the route of the vagus nerve

A

carries parasympathetic fibres

arises in the medulla oblongata
passes out of the skull with the internal jugular vein
passes into the carotid sheath
lies between the arterial and venous planes
leaves the thorax with the oesophagus

also innervates striated muscles of the pharynx and larynx plus sensory fibres

73
Q

what nerves make the oesophageal plexus

A

both vagi

also contribute to the pulmonary and cardiac autonomic plexi. they synapse close the viscus

74
Q

where is the right rln

A

below subclavian (4th arch)

75
Q

what do sensory neurones develop from

A

neural crest cells

76
Q

what do parasympathetic nerves supply

A

head, neck and viscera

not skin or limbs

77
Q

what do sympathetic nerves hitchhike with

A

somatic nerves / arteries

78
Q

where is the stellate ganglion

A

neck of the 1st rib

79
Q

what is the sympathetic supply of the UL

A

t4-6

80
Q

what is the sympathetic supply of the thoracic and abdo walls

A

t1-12

matches the dermatomes

81
Q

what is the sympathetic supply of the LL

A

t12 -L2

82
Q

what dermatomes is cardiac pain referred to

A

t1/2 -medial aspect of left arm

83
Q

what supplies the pulmonary plexus

A

t2-4

84
Q

what supplies the oesophageal plexus

A

t4-6

85
Q

what supply do blood vessels have

A

sympathetic only

MD3001 (33 decks)

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