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MD3001 > larynx > Flashcards

larynx Flashcards

1
Q

what type of cartilage makes up most of the larynx

A

hyaline

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2
Q

what ligament is used for emergency access to the airway?

A

the median cricothyroid ligament ( the midline thickening of the cricothyroid membrane)

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3
Q

what are the two small, paired cartilages called?

A

corniculate and cuneiform

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4
Q

what cartilage does the oesophagus attach to?

A

the ridge on the back of the cricoid

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5
Q

what part of the thyroid does the cricoid attach to

A

the inferior horn of the thyroid

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6
Q

what vein is at risk in tracheostomy

A

inferior thyroid vein

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7
Q

what artery accompanies the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

inferior laryngeral branch of the inf thyroid artery

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8
Q

what does the inferior laryngeal branch of the inferior thyroid artery supply

A

larynx below the vocal cords

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9
Q

where does lymph from the larynx drain to

A

lower deep cervical nodes and upper deep cervical nodes

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10
Q

what artery accompanies the superior laryngeal nerve

A

superior laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid artery

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11
Q

what results from unilateral paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

semi abducted vocal fold

noisy respiration

hoarse voice

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12
Q

what happens as a result of bilateral paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

vocal folds move into the midline- life threatening

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13
Q

where is the LRLN found

A

passes inferior to the aorta and lig. arteriosum, close to the left lung hilum ascends between trachea and oesophagus

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14
Q

where is the RRLN found

A

passes inferior to the subclavian artery (recurrent laryngeal nerves are branches of the vagus)

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15
Q

what is the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

supplies all muscles of the larynx except criocothyroid.

sensation to the vocal cords and larynx below folds.

also supplies oesophagus

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16
Q

what is the function of the superior laryngeal nerve

A

internal branch - sensation above vocal folds external branch- cricothyroid muscle

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17
Q

what muscles control phonation

A

cricothyroid, thyro-arytenoid and vocalis

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18
Q

what muscles are involved in effort closure

A

lateral cricoarytenoid and transverse arytenoid closes vocal and vestibular folds

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19
Q

what muscle is involved in forced expiration

A

posterior cricoarytenoid externally rotates the arytenoids rhomboid shaped opening

20
Q

where is the extrinsic thyrohyoid membrane found

A

between the hyoid and thyroid cartilage

21
Q

where is the quadrangular ligament

A

arytenoid to thyroid and epiglottis

22
Q

where is the cricothyroid /cricovocal ligament?

A

cricoid and arytenoid to the thyroid

forms the conus elasticus which is the lateral portion of the cricothyroid ligament

23
Q

what are the three folds

A

aryepiglottic, over quadrangular membrane

vestibular, formed over the vestibular ligament, lower edge of quadrangular membrane

vocal, formed over the vocal ligament, upper edge of cricovocal membrane

24
Q

where is the ventricle

A

between the vestibular and vocal folds, leads to the saccule which produces mucus

25
Q

what muscle opens the rim

A

posterior crico arytenoid

26
Q

what muscle closes the rima

A

transverse arytenoid

also oblique arytenoid

lateral cricoarytenoid

27
Q

what muscle shortens the folds by rocking the thyroid back

A

thyro arytenoid

28
Q

which muscle lengthens the folds by rocking the thyroid forwards

A

cricothyroid

29
Q

what muscle is this

A

cricothyroid

stretches the vocal cords

30
Q

what muscle is this

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

abducts the vocal cords

31
Q

what muscle is this

A

transverse arytenoid

adducts the vocal cords

32
Q
A

thyroarytenoid

relaxes the vocal cords by pulling the arytenoid cartilages forwards towards the laryngeal prominence

33
Q
A

lateral cricoarytenoid

adduct the vocal cords

34
Q
A

oblique arytenoid

adjusts the size of the laryngeal orifice

35
Q

what is found at the lower edge of the quadrangular membrane

A

vestibular ligament

36
Q

what is found at the upper border of the cricothryroid membrane

A

vocal ligament

37
Q

what are the 3 cavities of the larynx

A

vestible

ventricle

infraglottic

38
Q

what is the rima vestibuli

A

the space between the two vestibular folds

39
Q

what is the rima glottidis

A

the space between the two vocal folds

40
Q

what nerve supplies cricothyroid

A

external laryngeal nerve

41
Q

what happens in heavy lifting as opposed to phonation

A

vestibular and vocal folds are adducted to close the airway

in phonation just the vocal folds are adducted to close the rima glottis, air can still be forced through

42
Q

what muscle is used in forced inspiration

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

rhomboid shaped opening, arytenoids are externally rotated

43
Q

what is at the upper edge of the quadrangular membrane

A

aryepiglottic folds

form the laryngeal inlet which is the protective sphincter

44
Q

where does the vocal ligament attach

A

vocal process of the arytenoid

45
Q
A

MD3001 (33 decks)

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