acid base clinical approach

Question 1

1kPa = ?

Answer 1

7.5 mmHg

Question 2

where are acids and bases excreted

Answer 2

lung and kidneys

Question 3

what is normal pO2

Answer 3

12-13 kPa

Question 4

what is normal pCO2

Answer 4

4.5-5.6 kPa

Question 5

what is normal bicarbonate

Answer 5

22-26 mmol/l

Question 6

what is the difference between actual and standard bicarbonate

Answer 6

actual is the conc of bicarbonate
standard assumes that some bicarbonate is in the form of carbonic acid

assumes 37 degrees and PaCO2 of 5.3

Question 7

what are the adverse affects of high O2 levels

Answer 7

blindness in premies
mortality in cardiac arrest, ICU pts, acute severe asthma
atelactesis
free radicals 
hypercapnic resp failure

O2 is to treat hypoxia not dyspnoea

Question 8

what conditions would you treat with high flow 02

Answer 8

pneumothorax

CO poisoning

Question 9

arterial PO2 is normally ___ fiO2

Answer 9

2/3

Question 10

what is a healthy P/F ratio

Answer 10

> 50

Question 11

what P/F ration constitutes ARDS

Answer 11

26.7

Question 12

what is a normal FEV1/FVC ratio

Answer 12

> 0.7

Question 13

what does fvc mean

Answer 13

exhales as hard and as long as possible

Question 14

name 4 obstructive lung diseases

Answer 14

asthma copd bronchiectasis CF

Question 15

will FVC and TLCO be the same in asthma

Answer 15

yes

will be increased in COPD

Question 16

what are non pharma treatments for asthma

Answer 16

healthy weight
breathing exercises
stop smoking

Question 17

what is a genetic cause of COPD

Answer 17

alpha 1 antitrypsin (inhibited by elastase)

Question 18

what are the features of COPD

Answer 18

fibrosis, inflammation 
hypertrophy of mucus glands
lost of elastic parenchymal lung fibres
cough and sputum
increased SOB

Question 19

what causes bloating in COPD

Answer 19

right heart failure

Question 20

what is the MRC breathlessness scale

Answer 20

grade 1-5

5- breathless when dressing

Question 21

when will pts be offered domiciliary O2 therapy

Answer 21

PaO2 7.3-8

Question 22

what pf indicates acute lung injury

Answer 22

less than 40

Question 23

if ph and co2 are moving in opposite directions then the problem is probably …

Answer 23

respiratory