resp phys 2

Question 1

what is atmospheric pressure

Answer 1

101 Kpa or 760 mmHg

Question 2

what is the partial pressure of nitrogen

Answer 2

593

Question 3

what is the partial pressure of oxygen

Answer 3

159

Question 4

what is the partial pressure of CO2

Answer 4

0.29

Question 5

what is Henry’s Law

Answer 5

when a mixture of gasses is in contact with a liquid each will dissolve in proportion with its partial pressure

but the absolute amount of gas dissolved depends on its solubility. only applies to dissolved gas

the total amount of gas is that dissolved plus that chemically bound

Question 6

what is the water vapour pressure in alveoli

Answer 6

48 mmHg

Question 7

what is the O2 pressure in alveoli

Answer 7

104 mmHg

Question 8

how will oedema affect diffusion

Answer 8

increases wall thickness

Question 9

what is 2-3 bisphosphoglycerate

Answer 9

produced in metabolism

decreases the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen

also temperature H+ CO2

modifies the 3d structure of Hb

Question 10

how do you calculate the amount of O2 carried in the blood

Answer 10

total = conc HB x capacity of Hb x percentage saturation +amount dissolved in the plasma

Question 11

what % of CO2 is carried in the plasma

Answer 11

7-10

Question 12

what % of CO2 is bound to Hb

Answer 12

10-20 %

Question 13

what is the Haldane effect

Answer 13

deoxygenation of Hb increases it affinity for CO2 and vice versa in the lungs

Question 14

what enzyme forms carbonic acid

Answer 14

carbonic anhydrase

Question 15

what is the Henderson hasslebach eqn

Answer 15

calculates the ph of blood

ph = pk + log (bicarbonate / co2)

Question 16

where does most gas go in a normal lung

Answer 16

base

because the base changes volume more than the apex - more compliance
partly due to gravity

Question 17

what do the bronchial arteries supply

Answer 17

lung parenchyma, airways smooth muscles, pulmonary arteries and veins and pleura

also warms inspired air

Question 18

what is transmural pressure

Answer 18

balance between alveolar pressure and blood pressure

Question 19

what is the normal distribution of blood flow

Answer 19

apex- low
base- high

blood pressure must be greater than alveolar pressure in order for blood to flow
if capillaries are closed then dead space

Question 20

what happens in zone 1

Answer 20

cappilaries are closed

Question 21

what happens in zone 2

Answer 21

cappileries are open in systole but not in diastole

Question 22

what happens in zone 3

Answer 22

alveolar pressure is lower than arterial and venous pressure

Question 23

what is the V/q at the base

Answer 23

0.6

more perfusion than ventilation

Question 24

what is the v/q in the middle

Answer 24

1

Question 25

what is the v/q at the apex

Answer 25

3 (more ventilation than perfusion)

Question 26

what is hypoxic vasoconstriction

Answer 26

blood is diverted away from poorly ventilated areas

Question 27

when does sputum production tend to be worse with COPD

Answer 27

morning

Question 28

what is wheeze a sign of

Answer 28

obstruction

Question 29

what defines obstructive airway disease

Answer 29

fev1/fvc

Question 30

what is pKa

Answer 30

the ph at which 50% is unionised

Question 31

what do metabolic acid base disturbances affect

Answer 31

the amount of protons and bicarbonate

Question 32

what do respiratory disturbances affect

Answer 32

amount of CO2

Question 33

what cells are toll like receptors found on

Answer 33

dendritic cells

also express pattern recognition receptors