Respiratory Flashcards
Treatment to covid 19
isolation
covid 19 vaccination (antiviral)
rest
fluids
symptom management
What is asthma
Inflammation and narrowing around airway
Asthma diagnosis
o ABG
o spirometry (shows functional/residual capacity)
o x-ray.
Type of medication for asthma
o Beta 2 agonists (bronchodilators): dilation of bronchial passage and relaxation of smooth muscle (salbutamol).
o Corticosteroids: lowers inflammation in the body by reducing release of inflammatory mediators (prednisolone, dexamethasone).
What is Emphysema
inflammation and damage to alveoli due to irritants
Risk factors influencing emphysema
Smoking
signs and symptoms of emphysema
- Dyspnea
- weight loss
- barrel chest
Emphysema diagnosis
o Spirometry (measures lung volume by measuring airflow and corresponding changes in lung volume)
o blood gases
o sputum sample.
Treatment for emphysemia
o reduce risks
o slow progression
o O2 therapy: maintain O2 saturation at 90-92%
o anti-inflammatories
o bronchodilation
o corticosteroids.
What is Pneumonia
infection of one or both lungs.
Causes of pneumonia
o bacteria
o viruses
o fungi.
Risk factors pneumonia
o infants
o over 65s
o weakened immune system.
o respiratory infection
o stroke victim
o exposure to irritants.
Symptoms of pneumonia
o coughing
o fever
o sweating/chills
o chest pain
o nausea
o headaches
Pheumonia diagnosis
o chest x-ray
o blood cultures
o sputum sample
o CT
Treatment of Pheumonia
o Antibiotics - penicillin
o antiviral/antifungal
o maximizing O2.
What is Bronchitis
inflammation of lining of bronchioles (acute/chronic).
Signs and symptoms of bronchitis
- overweight
- cyanotic
- peripheral oedema
- chronic cough
Treatment for bronchitis
o Antibiotics if not improving.
o Fluids
o aspirin
What is pulmonary Embolism
Blood clot blocks arteries in lung
Symptoms of pulmonary embolism
o chest pain
o cough
o SOB
o Hypotension
o tachycardia.
Treatment for pulmonary embolism
o head elevated
o O2
o anticoagulants.
Parts in a Respiratory assessment:
o Chest auscultation, the patient’s air entry, breath sounds and any added sounds (wheeze) can be noted.
o Ventilation settings, mode of ventilation, O2 requirements, endotracheal tube size and position at gum/skin.
o Document pts breathing
What is a pneumothorax
air trapped inside pleural cavity
Risks for tension pneumothorax
o chest injury
o mechanical ventilation
o lung disease.
