Respiratory Flashcards
Treatment to covid 19
isolation
covid 19 vaccination
What is asthma
Inflammation and narrowing around airway
Risks influencing asthma
o parents with asthma
o severe respiratory infection as a child
o exposure to chemical/industrial irritants.
Asthma diagnosis
o ABG
o spirometry (shows functional/residual capacity)
o x-ray.
Treatment and medication for asthma
o Beta 2 agonists: dilation of bronchial passage and relaxation of smooth muscle (salbutamol).
o Corticosteroids: lowers inflammation in the body by reducing release of inflammatory mediators (prednisolone, dexamethasone).
What is Emphysema
progressive/chronic. Obstruction of airway caused by abnormal inflammatory response of lungs to irritants.
Risk factors influencing emphysema
Smoking
signs and symptoms of emphysema
o Dyspnea (SOB)
o hypercapnia (CO2 retention)
o increased RR
o Fatigue
o pursed lip breathing
Emphysema diagnosis
o Spirometry (measures lung volume by measuring airflow and corresponding changes in lung volume)
o blood gases
o sputum sample.
Treatment for emphysemia
o reduce risks
o slow progression
o O2 therapy: maintain O2 saturation at 90-92%
o anti-inflammatories
o bronchodilation
o corticosteroids.
What is Pneumonia
infection of one or both lungs.
Causes of pneumonia
o bacteria
o viruses
o fungi.
Risk factors pneumonia
o infants
o over 65s
o weakened immune system.
o respiratory infection
o stroke victim
o exposure to irritants.
Symptoms of pheumonia
o coughing
o fever
o sweating/chills
o chest pain
o nausea
o headaches
Pheumonia diagnosis
o chest x-ray
o blood cultures
o sputum sample
o CT
Treatment of Pheumonia
o Antibiotics - penicillin
o antiviral/antifungal
o maximizing O2.