Pregnancy

Question 1

signs of pregnancy:

Answer 1

o absent period
o fatigue
o enlarged breasts
o sore breasts
o nausea.

Question 2

circulation changes due to pregnancy

Answer 2

o Heart enlarged HR
o Increased blood flow to uterus to provide nutrients and growth.
o Increased blood flow to skin and mucous membranes.

Question 3

respiratory changes to pregnant person

Answer 3

o increased O2
- increased depth of breathing
o SOB

Question 4

Supplements needed for pregnant women and why

Answer 4

1. folic acid - first 12 weeks
2. iodine = helps baby grow - during pregnancy and breast feeding
3. vitamin D = strong bones and muscle

Question 5

Morning sickness prevention (pregnancy)

Answer 5

• drink water before/after meals
• nap
• avoid spicy foods

Question 6

alcohol effects on fetus

Answer 6

• premature
• developmental and physical changes (fetal alcohol spectrum disorder)

Question 7

What is Pre-eclampsia

Answer 7

• high blood pressure in pregnancy

Question 8

Risks for developing pre-eclampsia

Answer 8

o chronic hypertension
o pre-existing diabetes
o renal disease
o autoimmune diseases
o family history
o overweight
o multiple first pregnancies
o being young (<18) or old (>35).

Question 9

Symptoms of pre-eclampsia

Answer 9

o high BP
o protein in urine
o headache
o Changes in vision
o Epigastric spasm
o Sudden new swelling in face, hands, eyes
o SOB

Question 10

tests for pre-eclampsia

Answer 10

o BP measure
o urinalysis.

Question 11

Treatment for pre-eclampsia

Answer 11

o antihypertensives
o rest/laying on L) side
o magnesium sulphate to prevent seizures during/after labor
o protein-rich diet.

Question 12

complications from pre-eclampsia

Answer 12

o damage to kidneys/liver
o increased risk of stroke and blood clots,
o placental abruption
o eclampsia (seizures)
o increased risk of premature birth/still birth
o poor growth of baby.

Question 13

What is gestational diabetes.

Answer 13

o Diabetes that develops during pregnancy

Question 14

risks for developing gestational diabetes

Answer 14

o previous GDM
o multiple pregnancies
o older women
o Ethnicity
o BMI >35, family history.

Question 15

how to diagnose gestational diabetes

Answer 15

o HbA1c (>50mmol/L) is lower in pregnancy
o Fasting glucose >5.5mmol/L or two hours post food >9mmol/L.

Question 16

treatment for gestational diabetes

Answer 16

o self-monitoring (BGL daily).

Question 17

complications of gestational diabetes

Answer 17

o increased risk of still birth
o miscarriage
o hypertension
o Jaundice
o sepsis.

Question 18

effects of gestational diabetes on fetus

Answer 18

o increased fetal growth/fat storage
o birth trauma
o shoulder dystocia
o nerve pulses
o fractures
o respiratory disease.

Question 19

Risks for becoming anemia

Answer 19

o two pregnancies close together
o multiple pregnancies
o vomiting frequently
o decreased iron
o heavy pre-pregnancy menstrual flow
o vege/vegan
o celiac or crohns disease.

Question 20

Symptoms of anemia

Answer 20

o fatigue
o progressive paleness of skin
o rapid HR
o SOB
o trouble concentrating.

Question 21

anemia diagnosis

Answer 21

o antenatal bloods (hemoglobin/hematocrit) – treated with iron supplements

Question 22

post-partum hemorrhage volumes

Answer 22

o blood loss >500ml
o major if >1000ml

Question 23

risks of hemorrhage before birth and after

Answer 23

before
- multiple pregnancy
- previous PPH
- Anemia \

After
- c - section
- induced labour
- long labour
- large baby
- fever

Question 24

risks of preterm labor (before 37 weeks)

Answer 24

o hx of premature birth
o multiple pregnancy
o infection (STI/UTI)
o smoking/drinking/illicit drug use
o underweight/overweight
o poor dental hygiene
o diabetes

Question 25

signs of preterm labour

Answer 25

o gush of fluid (break of water)
o bleeding
o contractions (regular/stronger)
o abdominal pain
o low back ache
o nausea
o diarrhea.

Question 26

risks of depression during after birth

Answer 26

o previous mood disorder
o stressful life events
o unemployment
o marital conflict
o lack of support from friends/family.

Question 27

Risks of developing Post-partum psychosis:

Answer 27

previous history/family history of psychosis.

Question 28

Post-partum psychosis: treatment

Answer 28

o antidepressants
o mood stabilizers
o antipsychotics
o ECT.

Question 29

benefits of breast feeding

Answer 29

o Psychological
o Physiological
o nutritional health
o protects infant from SIDs
o decreases asthma/eczema,
o provides immunological protection
o improves vision
o decreases obesity.

Question 30

Issues with breastfeeding

Answer 30

o Flat/inverted nipples
o Sore/burning nipples
o Plugged milk ducts
o Mastitis (painful infection of breast tissue caused by blocked milk duct or bacteria entering the breast).
o Poor latching
o Poor milk supply

Question 31

Cervical screening causes

Answer 31

o almost all cervical cancers are caused by HPV, this virus is spread through sexual activity.

Question 32

who gets cervical screening

Answer 32

o Women aged 25-69 who have ever been sexually active

Question 33

How often do women get cervical screening

Answer 33

o Every 3 years, people who have abnormal tests may need screening more often.