Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

STATE EXAM > GI/liver > Flashcards

GI/liver Flashcards

1
Q

Risks for developing paralytic illeus/bowel obstruction

A

o post-surgical due to being prescribed medications that can slow intestinal movement such as
o intestinal cancer
o Crohn’s disease
o Parkinson’s disease
o electrolyte imbalance
o sepsis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How to diagnose gallstones

A

o ultrasound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of GI bleeding

A

o tears in esophagus
o hemorrhoids
o gastric ulcers
o inflammatory bowel conditions
o clotting disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment of GI bleeding

A
  • blood products as required
    o drug therapy
    o endoscopy.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is gastritis

A

Inflammation of gastric mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes for gastritis

A
  • NSAIDS
    o alcohol/other irritants
    o concurrent illness
    o autoimmune factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a hernia

A

A bulging of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment for hernia

A

surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Peritonitis:

A

Inflammation of lining of the abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Symptoms of peritonitis

A

o painful abdomen
o abdominal distention
o fever/chills
o excessive fatigue
o reduced urine output.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment for peritonitis

A

antibiotics
surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does a liver do

A

filters toxins from blood and produces plasma proteins for blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is liver disease

A

hepatocytes are damaged as a result of exposure to drugs, most commonly alcohol or severe chronic hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Risks for developing liver disease

A

o alcohol abuse
o hepatitis
o fat accumulating in liver
o cystic fibrosis
o infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of liver disease

A

o fatigue
o enlarged liver
o jaundice
o anorexia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diagnosis for liver disease

A

o blood tests for bilirubin/creatine
o CT/MRI
o biopsy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment for liver disease

A

o for alcohol dependency
o weight loss
o for hepatitis
o liver transplant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Hepatitis

A

inflammation of liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How hepatitis is transmitted

A

infected blood or other body fluids getting into cuts and scratches
o sexual contact
o sharing personal items (razors/toothbrushes)
o needle sharing
o from mother to unborn child (highest risk during birth).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Symptoms of hepatitis

A

o fatigue
o enlarged liver
o jaundice
o anorexia
o pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Diagnosis hepatitis

A

blood tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment for hepatitis

A

o antivirals
o antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does a pancreas do

A

makes pancreatic juices containing enzymes that aid in digestion, and it produces several hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Cholelithiasis (gallstone)

A

precipitated bile salts, cholesterol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Risks that cause cholelithiasis (gallstones)

A

o female
o over 40
o overweight
o obese
o pregnant
o high fat diet.

26
Q

Symptoms of cholelithiasis (gallstones)

A

o pain in upper right portion of abdomen
o back pain
o nausea/vomiting.

27
Q

How to diagnose gallstones

A

ultrasound.

28
Q

What is Gastro-esophageal reflux (GORD)

A

abnormal reflux of gastric content in the esophagus caused by reflux

29
Q

Symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux

A

o pain and burning (heartburn) may result in anemia from blood loss due to ulceration.

30
Q

Treatment for gastro-esophageal reflux

A

o lifestyle changes (no alcohol, caffeine, chocolate or peppermint)
o eat sitting up
o stopping smoking.

31
Q

Medication treatment for gastro-esophageal reflux and examples

A

o Antacids: neutralizes stomach contents to treat heartburn symptoms (Gaviscon, calcium carbonate).
o Protein pump inhibitors: prevents movement of H+ ions from the parietal cell into the stomach. PPI bind irreversibly to H+ K+ and ATP enzyme. All gastric acid secretions are blocked (omeprazole).

32
Q

What is Appendicitis

A

appendix becomes inflamed and filled with pus, causing pain.

33
Q

Symptoms of appendicits

A

o Nausea
o Vomiting
o Diarrhea
o stomach pain

34
Q

Diagnosis for appendicits

A

o physical exam
o blood tests for signs of infection,
o urine test to rule out UTI
o ultrasound.

35
Q

treatment for appendicitis

A

o appendectomy
o care for incision sites
o activity limitations
o pain control.

36
Q

Treatment for diarrhea

A

o Rehydrate
o bulk forming foods or drugs
o Antibiotics
o anti-inflammatory.

37
Q

Symptoms for constipation

A

o fewer than 3 poos a week
o lumpy or hard poos
o feeling a blockage
o feeling as though you can’t properly empty.

38
Q

Treatment for constipation

A

o fluids
o Exercise
o laxatives (stimulate bowel movement).

39
Q

medication treatment for vomiting (Emesis)

A

o Antiemetics: histamine antagonists, block histamine receptors and vestibular apparatus (cyclizine).
- Serotonin receptor antagonists, blocks serotonin receptors (Ondansetron).

40
Q

What is a peptic ulcer

A

ulceration of the protective mucosa lining of lower esophagus, stomach or duodenum.

41
Q

Risks for developing peptic ulcer

A

o decreased or altered protective mucous
o increased gastric juice secretion
o less inhibition or gastric secretions
o inappropriate increase gastrin secretion.

42
Q

Symptoms for peptic ulcer

A

o dull pain in stomach
o weight loss
o not wanting to eat due to pain
o nausea/vomiting
o bloating

43
Q

Diagnosis for peptic ulcer

A

o Stool test
o Endoscopy
o Biopsy
o Blood test

44
Q

Treatment for peptic ulcer

A

o Antibiotics
o Adequate rest
o diet chance
o stress management.

45
Q

What is ulcerative colitis

A

inflammation of the large intestinal mucosa mainly in the rectum

46
Q

What is crohns

A

deep ulcers and fissures develop along whole intestine but mostly in the distal ileum.

47
Q

What is gastroenteritis

A

intestinal infection causing diarrheoa and vomiting

48
Q

Symptoms for IBD

A

o abdominal pain
o diarrhea
o blood in stool
o weight loss
o nausea
o fever.

49
Q

diagnosis for IBD

A

o biopsy

50
Q

Treatment for IBD

A

o corticosteroid to reduce inflammation
o biologic therapies that inhibit inflammatory chemicals from inflamed cells.

51
Q

What is paralytic illeus/bowel obstruction

A

lack of movement somewhere in the intestines that leads to a build-up and potential blockage of food material.

52
Q

Symptoms of pyloric stenosis

(narrowing passage from stomach to small intestine)

A

o Stomach
o loss of appetite/weight
o vomiting
o dehydration

53
Q

Treatment for pyloric stenosis

A

o treat underlying cause,
o pyloromyotomy (cutting and spreading of the outer layer of thickened pyloric sphincter muscle).

54
Q

What is pyloric stenosis

A

condition in which the opening between the stomach and small intestine thickens.

55
Q

What is acute pancreatitis and causes

A
  • acute inflammation of the pancreas
    Causes: gallstones and alcohol intake
56
Q

Treatment of acute pancreatitis

A

IV fluids
analgesics
nutritional support.

57
Q

symptoms of acute pancreatitis

A
  • nausea and vomiting
  • pain for several days
58
Q

What is chronic pancreatitis and causes

A

persistent inflammation of the pancreas
causes: drinking alcohol and smoking

59
Q

treatment of chronic pancreatitis

A

pain control a
management of pancreatic insufficiency.

60
Q

symptoms of chronic pancreatitis

A

abdominal pain
pancreatic insufficiency

STATE EXAM (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions