Renal Flashcards
General assessment components
Urine output, color and concentration
If undergoing dialysis
IV fluids charted and fluid balance
Whether they have a catheter insitu
What is renal failure
A condition in which the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids.
Diagnosis of renal failure
o bloods
o urine test
o ultrasound, biopsy.
Treatment for renal failure
o fluid therapy
o ACE inhibitors
o controlled diet
o transplant
o dialysis
o antibiotics.
risks for developing renal failure
o Diabetes
o Hypertension
o polycystic kidney
o glomerulonephritis.
key components to dialysis therapy
o blood removed from pt and passed through semi-permeable dialyzing membrane.
o Waste diffuses from the blood and into dialyzing fluid over several hours
Causes of acute tubular necrosis
o Reduced renal blood flow
o reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
o oliguria (low urine output).
Treatment for acute tubular necrosis
o new tubular epithelial cells can grow and tubules may repair themselves within 2-3 weeks.
o May require dialysis therapy to remove metabolic wastes and control fluid volume until 2-3 weeks is up.
What is Interstitial Nephritis:
o Involves inflammation of the spaces between the tubules.
o Caused by hypersensitivity reaction to drugs such as antibiotics and NSAIDs
o May also be caused by infection
What is Pyelonephritis:
cystitis infection that has travelled up from the bladder to kidneys
Risks for developing pyelonephritis
o Diabetes
o stress urinary incontinence
o structurally or functionally abnormal genitourinary tract.
symptoms of pyelonephritis
o dysuria
o fever
o rigor (sudden chill)
o delirium
diagnosis of Pyelonephritis:
o urinalysis
o bloods
o CT.
treatment for Pyelonephritis:
o Antibiotics
o Analgesia
o fluids.
What are kidney stones
when crystals build up in the tubule of the nephron
