Renal Flashcards

1
Q

What is renal failure

A

A condition in which the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids.

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2
Q

Diagnosis of renal failure

A

o bloods
o urine test
o ultrasound, biopsy.

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3
Q

Treatment for renal failure

A

o fluid therapy
o ACE inhibitors
o controlled diet
o transplant
o dialysis
o antibiotics.

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4
Q

risks for developing renal failure

A

o Diabetes
o Hypertension
o polycystic kidney
o glomerulonephritis.

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5
Q

Causes of acute tubular necrosis

A

o Reduced renal blood flow
o reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
o oliguria (low urine output).

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6
Q

What is Interstitial Nephritis:

A

o Involves inflammation of the spaces between the tubules.
o Caused by hypersensitivity reaction to drugs such as antibiotics and NSAIDs
o May also be caused by infection

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7
Q

What is Pyelonephritis:

A

urinary tract infection that has travelled from the bladder to kidneys = kidney infection

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8
Q

Risks for developing pyelonephritis

A

o Diabetes
o stress urinary incontinence
o structurally or functionally abnormal genitourinary tract.

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9
Q

symptoms of pyelonephritis

A

o dysuria
o fever
o rigor (sudden chill)
o delirium

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10
Q

diagnosis of Pyelonephritis:

A

o urinalysis
o bloods
o CT.

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11
Q

treatment for Pyelonephritis:

A

o Antibiotics
o Analgesia
o fluids.

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12
Q

What are kidney stones

A

when crystals build up in the tubule of the nephron

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13
Q

risks of developing kidney stones

A

o dehydration
o diets
o obesity
o digestive diseases.

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14
Q

symptoms of kidney stones

A

o fever
o tachycardia
o nausea
o acute flank pain

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15
Q

How to diagnose kidney stones

A

o Urinalysis
o CT
o x-ray.

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16
Q

Treatment for kidney stones

A

o analgesia
o antiemetic
o endoscopy.

17
Q

What is Glomerulonephritis:

A

inflammation of the kidney filters that can be acute or chronic

18
Q

Symptoms of Glomerulonephritis:

A

o proteinuria (protein in urine)
o hematuria (blood in urine)
o hypertension

19
Q

Treatment for Glomerulonephritis:

A

o usually subsides within 2 weeks

20
Q

What is UTI Cystitis:

A

inflammation of bladder wall caused by bacteria going up urethra.

21
Q

Risks for developing UTI cystitis

A

o sexually active – bacteria pushed into urethra, pregnancy,
o some birth controls
o menopause.

22
Q

Symptoms of UTI Cystitis:

A

o strong urge to urinate
o burning sensation on urination (dysuria)
o passing small amounts of urine frequently
o fever/chills
o delirium

23
Q

Diagnosis of UTI Cystitis:

A

o urinalysis
o cystoscopy (looks at bladder).

24
Q

Treatment of UTI Cystitis

A

o antibiotics (amoxicillin, augmentin, trimethoprim),
o address cause
o ensure hydration
o analgesia
o prevent complications.