Renal Flashcards
What is renal failure
A condition in which the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids.
Diagnosis of renal failure
o bloods
o urine test
o ultrasound, biopsy.
Treatment for renal failure
o fluid therapy
o ACE inhibitors
o controlled diet
o transplant
o dialysis
o antibiotics.
risks for developing renal failure
o Diabetes
o Hypertension
o polycystic kidney
o glomerulonephritis.
Causes of acute tubular necrosis
o Reduced renal blood flow
o reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
o oliguria (low urine output).
What is Interstitial Nephritis:
o Involves inflammation of the spaces between the tubules.
o Caused by hypersensitivity reaction to drugs such as antibiotics and NSAIDs
o May also be caused by infection
What is Pyelonephritis:
urinary tract infection that has travelled from the bladder to kidneys = kidney infection
Risks for developing pyelonephritis
o Diabetes
o stress urinary incontinence
o structurally or functionally abnormal genitourinary tract.
symptoms of pyelonephritis
o dysuria
o fever
o rigor (sudden chill)
o delirium
diagnosis of Pyelonephritis:
o urinalysis
o bloods
o CT.
treatment for Pyelonephritis:
o Antibiotics
o Analgesia
o fluids.
What are kidney stones
when crystals build up in the tubule of the nephron
risks of developing kidney stones
o dehydration
o diets
o obesity
o digestive diseases.
symptoms of kidney stones
o fever
o tachycardia
o nausea
o acute flank pain
How to diagnose kidney stones
o Urinalysis
o CT
o x-ray.
