Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What are three common factures

A

o Closed (simple) fracture – the broken bone has not pierced the skin.
o Open (compound) fracture – the broken bone juts out through the skin
o Greenstick fracture – a small, slender crack in the bone

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2
Q

Treatment for fractures

A

reduction/immobilization (splint/plaster)
open reduction or external fixation.

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3
Q

What is Osteoporosis:

A

bone disease causing weak/brittle bones

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4
Q

What is Non-inflammatory: Osteoarthritis:

A

cartilage between the joints begins to break down

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5
Q

symptoms of Non-inflammatory: Osteoarthritis:

A

o Pain
o Restricted Motion

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6
Q

What is Inflammatory: Rheumatoid Arthritis:

A

immune system attacks the tissue lining the joints

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7
Q

symptoms of inflammatory: Rheumatoid Arthritis:

A

o inflammation of joints
o pain
o stiffness in the morning
o muscle atrophy
o restricted ROM.

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8
Q

diagnosis of Inflammatory: Rheumatoid Arthritis:

A

o Rheumatoid factor
o blood test.

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9
Q

treatment of Inflammatory: Rheumatoid Arthritis:

A

o ROM exercises
o balance between rest/activity
o avoid weight bearing

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10
Q

Knee and Hip reason for joint replacement

A
  • Knee: usually from arthritis but also from chronic pain related to cartilage and meniscus tears.
  • Hip: hip arthroplasty – decrease/eliminate pain and improve functional movement
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11
Q

What is compartment syndrome

A
  • pressure build-up from internal bleeding or swelling of tissues
    o Occurs when the pressure within a compartment increases restricting blood flow to the area
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12
Q

Risks of developing compartment syndrome

A

o broken bone
o plaster cast or tight bandage before it has stopped swelling
o burns,
o surgery to repair damaged
o blocked blood vessels.

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13
Q

Symptoms of compartment syndrome

A

o aching
o tenderness
o burning affected limb
o weakness

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14
Q

Diagnosis of compartment syndrome

A

o physical exam
o compartment pressure measurement tests (needle into muscle).

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15
Q

Treatment of compartment syndrome

A

o emergency fasciotomy

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16
Q

Fracture nursing care

A
  • administer meds such as analgesia, anticoagulants
  • assess pain/ manage
    -monitor vital signs and signs of complications,
17
Q

Osteoporosis symptoms

A

pain
loss of height
swelling in the extremity
frequent fractures.

18
Q

diagnosis for osteoporosis

A

bone density test
bone scan
serum calcium,

19
Q

Nursing care of osteoporosis

A
  • Proper nutrition and exercise
  • routine bone density tests to determine bone loss.