Musculoskeletal Flashcards
What are three common factures
o Closed (simple) fracture – the broken bone has not pierced the skin.
o Open (compound) fracture – the broken bone juts out through the skin
o Greenstick fracture – a small, slender crack in the bone
Treatment for fractures
reduction/immobilization (splint/plaster)
open reduction or external fixation.
What is Osteoporosis:
homeostatic imbalance of bone – reabsorption exceeds deposition.
What is Non-inflammatory: Osteoarthritis:
articular cartilage deteriorates, ossified bone spurs deposit
symptoms of Non-inflammatory: Osteoarthritis:
o Pain
o Restricted Motion
What is Inflammatory: Rheumatoid Arthritis:
o chronic systemic inflammation leading to destruction of connective tissue and synovial membrane in joints
o Ultimately leads to dislocation and permanent deformity of joint.
symptoms of inflammatory: Rheumatoid Arthritis:
o inflammation of joints
o pain
o stiffness in the morning
o muscle atrophy
o restricted ROM.
diagnosis of Inflammatory: Rheumatoid Arthritis:
o Rheumatoid factor
o blood test.
treatment of Inflammatory: Rheumatoid Arthritis:
o ROM exercises
o balance between rest/activity
o avoid weight bearing
Knee and Hip reason for joint replacement
- Knee: usually from arthritis but also from chronic pain related to cartilage and meniscus tears.
- Hip: hip arthroplasty – decrease/eliminate pain and improve functional movement
What is compartment syndrome
- pressure build-up from internal bleeding or swelling of tissues
o Occurs when the pressure within a compartment increases restricting blood flow to the area
Risks of developing compartment syndrome
o broken bone
o plaster cast or tight bandage before it has stopped swelling
o burns,
o surgery to repair damaged
o blocked blood vessels.
Symptoms of compartment syndrome
o aching
o tenderness
o burning affected limb
o weakness
Diagnosis of compartment syndrome
o physical exam
o compartment pressure measurement tests (needle into muscle).
Treatment of compartment syndrome
o emergency fasciotomy
