Musculoskeletal Flashcards
What are three common factures
o Closed (simple) fracture – the broken bone has not pierced the skin.
o Open (compound) fracture – the broken bone juts out through the skin
o Greenstick fracture – a small, slender crack in the bone
Treatment for fractures
reduction/immobilization (splint/plaster)
open reduction or external fixation.
What is Osteoporosis:
bone disease causing weak/brittle bones
What is Non-inflammatory: Osteoarthritis:
cartilage between the joints begins to break down
symptoms of Non-inflammatory: Osteoarthritis:
o Pain
o Restricted Motion
What is Inflammatory: Rheumatoid Arthritis:
immune system attacks the tissue lining the joints
symptoms of inflammatory: Rheumatoid Arthritis:
o inflammation of joints
o pain
o stiffness in the morning
o muscle atrophy
o restricted ROM.
diagnosis of Inflammatory: Rheumatoid Arthritis:
o Rheumatoid factor
o blood test.
treatment of Inflammatory: Rheumatoid Arthritis:
o ROM exercises
o balance between rest/activity
o avoid weight bearing
Knee and Hip reason for joint replacement
- Knee: usually from arthritis but also from chronic pain related to cartilage and meniscus tears.
- Hip: hip arthroplasty – decrease/eliminate pain and improve functional movement
What is compartment syndrome
- pressure build-up from internal bleeding or swelling of tissues
o Occurs when the pressure within a compartment increases restricting blood flow to the area
Risks of developing compartment syndrome
o broken bone
o plaster cast or tight bandage before it has stopped swelling
o burns,
o surgery to repair damaged
o blocked blood vessels.
Symptoms of compartment syndrome
o aching
o tenderness
o burning affected limb
o weakness
Diagnosis of compartment syndrome
o physical exam
o compartment pressure measurement tests (needle into muscle).
Treatment of compartment syndrome
o emergency fasciotomy
Fracture nursing care
- administer meds such as analgesia, anticoagulants
- assess pain/ manage
-monitor vital signs and signs of complications,
Osteoporosis symptoms
pain
loss of height
swelling in the extremity
frequent fractures.
diagnosis for osteoporosis
bone density test
bone scan
serum calcium,
Nursing care of osteoporosis
- Proper nutrition and exercise
- routine bone density tests to determine bone loss.
