Integumentary Flashcards
What is Nociceptive:
response to injury of tissues, skin and muscles.
What is neuropathic
nerve pain resulting from nervous system damage
how to ensure good wound healing
protect the wound and keep it clean, good alignment, no infection, correct structure material, good hydration and nutrition
Treatment of burns
o ABC
o apply water to area for at least 20 minutes
o analgesia
o antibiotics
o scar management.
WHat is Escharotomies:
emergency surgical procedure involving incising through areas of burnt skin
What type of Fluid Resuscitation would be used for burns and how often
o Parkland formula (most common) – 50% given in first 8 hours, 50% given in next 16 hours.
What are included in Crystalloid solutions:
includes mineral salts and electrolytes
Types of crystalloid solutions and when are they used
- saline = isotonic, extracellular fluid replacement
- dextrose = hypoglycemic or hypernatremia pt
- hartman’s solution = hemorrhage, trauma, surgery, burns
types of colloid solutions
o Blood products– start transfusion slowly, monitor first 15 minutes to ensure nil reaction
o dextran
What are pressure injuries
breakdown of skin integrity due to unrelieved pressure of some type.
Risks of developing pressuring injuries
o poor nutrition
o immobile
o diabetes
o incontinence
stages of pressure injuries
- Skin completely intact, area is red but does not blanch (turn white when pressed on).
- Skin is visibly damaged and not intact with atrial loss of the dermis, nil fatty tissue visible.
- Skin visibly damaged, full loss of skin tissue. Fatty tissue may be seen, wound edges may be rolled away.
- Skin visibly damaged with full loss of tissue, exposed bone, muscle, tendons, ligaments.
treatment of pressure injuries
o Braden scale
o keep dry
o minimize pressure by turning
o air mattress, wound care.
What are shingles
A reactivation of the chickenpox virus in the body, causing a painful rash.
Risks for developing shingles
previous chicken pox
Symptoms of shingles
- rash
o fever
o burning/pain
Shingles treatment
Avoid scratching
antivirals
hypothermia symptoms
o high BP
o shivering
o rapid HR and RR
o constricted vessels
o impaired judgement
Treatment for hypothermia
o warm dry place
o remove wet clothing
o covering body in blankets
o skin to skin heat transfer
hyperthermia symptoms
o excessive sweating
o exhaustion
o flushed or red skin
o muscle cramps/spasm
o headaches
o nausea
treatment for hyperthermia
o sipping cool water
o loosening or removing clothing
o cool bath or shower
o IV fluids
o monitoring.
Causes of ulcers
o due to pressure area
o atherosclerosis
o diabetes
What is cellulitis
bacterial infection of the skin
Risks of developing cellulitis
o previous episodes
o trauma
o diabetes
o alcoholism
o obesity
o pregnancy
Symptoms of cellulitis
o redness
o swelling
o increased warmth
o tenderness
Treatment for cellulitis
Antibiotics
What to monitor when taking opioid analgesics
- RR
- O2
- BP
- consciousness
- urine output
- BGL
- pain level
- administration rate.
types of opioid analgesics
morphine
fentanyl
oxycodone.
WHat are NSAIDS
o Can have anti-inflammatory or anti-pyretic effect.
types of NSAIDS
o Paracetamol
- Ibuprofen
- diclofenac
- naproxen.
