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FUNDAMENTALS IN NURSING PRACTICE > RESPIRATION > Flashcards

RESPIRATION Flashcards

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1
Q

act of breathing takes in oxygen and giving off the CO2 process of gas exchange

A

respiration

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2
Q

2 types of respiration

A

pulmonary, cellular

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3
Q

what are the respiratory centers?

A

medulla oblongata and pons

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4
Q

muscles of inspiration

A

sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
serratus anterior
external intercostals
diaphragm

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5
Q

muscles of expiration

A

internal intercostals
transversus thoracis
obliques
rectus abdominis

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6
Q
  • involves the external intercostal muscles and other accessory muscles (sternocleidomastoid)
  • observed by the movement of the chest upward and outward
A

costal / thoracic breathing

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7
Q
  • involves contraction and relaxation of diaphragm
  • observed by movement of abdomen
A

diaphragmatic / abdominal

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8
Q

common type of breathing in women

A

costal / thoracic

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9
Q

common type of breathing in men

A

diaphragmatic

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10
Q

common type of breathing in children

A

abdominal

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11
Q

normal average and range of newborn

A

35 (30-60)

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12
Q

normal average and range of 1 year old

A

30 (20-40)

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13
Q

normal average and range of 5-8 years old

A

20 (15-25)

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14
Q

normal average and range of 10 years old

A

19 (15-25)

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15
Q

normal average and range of a teen

A

18 (15-20)

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16
Q

normal average and range of an adult

A

16 (12-20)

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17
Q

normal average and range of an older adult

A

16 (15-20)

18
Q

on average, an individual inspired ___ ml of air and expired approximately ___ ml of air (normal)

A

500, 450

19
Q

refers to the regularity of the expirations and the inspirations

A

pattern / rhythm

20
Q

aspects of breathing that are different from normal, effortless breathing

A

quality

21
Q

quick shallow breaths

A

tachypnea

22
Q

abnormally slow breathing

A

bradypnea

23
Q

overexpansion of the lung characterized by rapid and deep breaths

A

hyperventilation

24
Q

under expansion of the lungs, shallow respirations

A

hypoventilation

25
Q

cessation of breathing

A

apnea

26
Q

rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations, from deep to very shallow breathing and temporary apnea

A

cheyne-stokes

27
Q

difficult and labored breathing during which the individual has a persistent, unsatisfied need for air and feels distressed

A

dyspnea

28
Q

ability to breathe only in upright sitting or standing positions

A

orthopnea

29
Q

shrill, harsh sound heard during inspiration with laryngeal obstruction

A

stidor

30
Q

snoring or sonorous respiration, usually due to a partial obstruction of the upper airway

A

stertor

31
Q

continuous, high-pitched musical squeak or whistling sound occurring on expiration and sometimes on inspiration when air moves through a narrowed or partially obstructed airway

A

wheeze

32
Q

gurgling sounds heard as air passes through moist secretions in the respiratory tract

A

bubbling

33
Q

not a continuous sound, a discrete acoustic events that is interrupted; pooling of secretions sin the lobes of the lungs

A

crackles

34
Q

fine crackles

A

rales

35
Q

low-pitched sounds, starts at the larger airway passage (TB passages)

A

rhonchi

36
Q

suggests movement of air in an inflamed and roughed pleural surfaces

A

pleural rub

37
Q

indrawing between the ribs

A

intercostal retraction

38
Q

indrawing beneath the breastbone

A

substernal retraction

39
Q

indrawing above the clavicles

A

suprasternal retraction

40
Q

the presence of blood in the sputum

A

hemoptysis

41
Q

a cough accompanied by expectorated secretions

A

productive cough

42
Q

a dry, harsh cough without secretions

A

non-productive cough

FUNDAMENTALS IN NURSING PRACTICE (38 decks)

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