INFECTION CONTROL Flashcards
freedom from injection o infection materials; includes general cleanliness
asepsis
denotes the presence of some microorganisms but absence of potentially infectious agents
clean
an organism capable of producing disease
pathogen
all practices that reduce the number and transmission of pathogens
medical asepsis
practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms
surgical asepsis
hands are rendered clean to maintain medical asepsis
medical hand washing
removal of as many bacteria as possible from the hands and arms by mechanical washing and chemical disinfection to maintain surgical asepsis
surgical hand washing
measures designed to prevent the spread of infection or potentially infectious microorganisms
isolation
2 tiers of precaution
- standard
- transmission-based
2 types of transmission-based precautions
- universal
- body substance isolation (BSI)
- used in the care of all hospitalized persons regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status
- combination of UP and BSI
standard precautions
- client’s with known or suspected infections that are spread in one of 3 ways: by airborne or droplet transmission, or by contact
- used alone or in combination but always in addition to standard precaution
transmission-based precautions
- prevent the spread of infection
- decrease the risk of transmitting unidentified pathogens
universal precaution
- obstruct the spread of blood-borne pathogens
- use PPE to prevent exposure
universal precaution
employs generic infection control precaution
body substance isolation (BSI)
3 premises of BSI
- all have increased risk for infections from microorganisms on their mucous
- all are likely to have infectious microorganisms in all moist body sites
- a portion of client and health care workers will always be infected with potentially infectious microorganisms
clients with illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns (rubeola, varicella, TB)
airborne precautions
clients with illness transmitted by particle droplets larger than 5 microns (diphtheria, pertussis, mumps, rubella, pneumonia)
droplet precautions
Clients with illness easily transmitted by direct client contact or by contact with items in the client’s environment (infections - GI, skin, respiratory, multi-drug resistant bacteria)
contact preacutions
- protect the hands
- reduces transmission of endogenous microorganism to individuals receiving care
gloves
what type of gloves is used for:
Catheterization (sonda)
Venipuncture
Suctioning
Wound dressing (open wounds)
IE
sterile
what type of gloves is used for:
Oral hygiene
Handline soiled articles
Offering bed pan and urinal
Perineal care
Enema
NGT insertion
clean gloves
worn during procedures when the nurse’s uniform is likely to become soiled
gowns
- reduce the risk for transmission by the droplet, contact and airborne routes
- to be worn by client with the infection and by all persons entering the room of the infected client
face masks
indicated in situation where body substances may splatter to face
eyewear
place disposable needles, syringes, and sharps into ___-resistant container
puncture
reduces the number of microorganisms on the hand
handwashing
