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FUNDAMENTALS IN NURSING PRACTICE > HEAT AND COLD > Flashcards

HEAT AND COLD Flashcards

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1
Q

3 uses of heat and cold

A
  • therapeutic
  • comfort
  • rehabilitation
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2
Q

who are more susceptible to negative effects of temp and have the lowest tolerance?

A

very young and elderly clients

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3
Q

Skin receptors adjust ___ to mild stimulation for the first few seconds, then decrease rapidly, then slowly for the next ___ minutes.

A

rapidly; 30

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4
Q

___ occurs at the time the maximum therapeutic effects of hot or cold application is achieved and the opposite effects begin

A

rebound phenomenon

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5
Q

how many minutes maximum vasodilatation heat produces?

A

20-30 minutes

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6
Q

temp of the skin when maximum vasoconstriction

A

60 F or 15 C

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7
Q

what happens when there is Continuation of heat application beyond 30 - 45 mins

A
  • tissue congestion
  • vasoconstriction
  • risk of burn
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8
Q

what happens when there is Continuation of cold application below 15°C

A

vasodilation (prevents freezing of body tissues)

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9
Q

what happens when there is prolonged cold application?

A
  • impaired circulation
  • cell deprivation
  • subsequent tissue damage
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10
Q

true or false: moisture conducts heat better than air

A

true

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11
Q

smaller area - shorter exposure =

A

better tolerance

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12
Q

larger area of exposure =

A

lower tolerance

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13
Q

heat or cold response?

vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels

A

heat

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14
Q

heat or cold response?

increased blood flow to injured body part

A

heat

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15
Q

heat or cold response?

vasoconstriction or peripheral blood vessels

A

cold

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16
Q

heat or cold response?

increased oxygen supply

A

heat

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17
Q

heat or cold response?

decreased blood circulation

A

cold

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18
Q

heat or cold response?

decreased capillary permeability

A

cold

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19
Q

heat or cold response?

decrease blood viscosity

A

heat

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20
Q

heat or cold response?

increased tissue metabolism

A

heat

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21
Q

heat or cold response?

decreased re-absorption of fluid

A

cold

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22
Q

heat or cold response?

improved circulation

A

heat

23
Q

heat or cold response?

increased coagulation of blood

A

cold

24
Q

heat or cold response?

  • increased CO and PR
  • sweating
  • decreased BP
A

heat

25
Q

heat or cold response?

  • increased BP
  • shivering
  • goosebumps
A

cold

26
Q
  • Responds to signals from the thermal receptors
  • Controls body temperature
  • Thermoregulatory center in the brain
A

hypothalamus

27
Q

which part of hypothalamus dissipates heat?

A

anterior hypothalamus

28
Q

which part of hypothalamus conserves heat?

A

posterior hypothalamus

29
Q

main indications of heat application

A

relieves pain, muscle tension, and joint stiffness

30
Q

main contraindications of heat application

A
  • first 24 hours after surgery
  • active hemorrhage
  • non inflammatory edema
  • malignant tumor
  • skin disorders
31
Q

main indications of cold application

A
  • relieves pain
  • limit inflammation and suppuration
  • control bleeding
32
Q

main contraindications of cold application

A
  • open wounds
  • impaired circulation
  • allergy or hypersensitivity to cold
33
Q

how often should you check on the heat or cold application?

A

every 15 minutes

34
Q

true or false: hot water bottle or bags can be directly applied to the skin

A

false

35
Q

A common form of dry heat used at home.

A

hot water bag

36
Q

It is a rubber pad of tubular construction that can be filled with distilled water, an electrical unit heats the water and keeps it at an even temperature

A

aquathermia pad / K pad

37
Q

It has wires that provide heat should be covered by rubber or plastic to ensure safety

A

electric heating pad

38
Q

It is a gooseneck lamp containing a 60-watt bulb, applied 18-24 inches from the body

A

heat lamp

39
Q

A metal cradle in which several electric sockets are installed for 25-watt luminous bulb, applied 18 inches away from the patient

A

heat cradle

40
Q

commercially prepared and disposable heat applicators

A

hot packs

41
Q

commercially prepared and reusable heat applicators

A

gel-filled hot packs

42
Q

Similar to the water-flow heating pad except that it is of blanket size

A

thermal blanket

43
Q
  • Deep heat treatment
  • Electrical energy is changed to heat similar to the principle underlying the microwave
A

diathermy

44
Q

A form of local moist heat application done with compress cloth

A

warm compress

45
Q

how long can warm compress be applied?

A

20-30 minutes

46
Q

duration of hot sitz bath

A

15-20 mins

47
Q
  • Immersion of a body area into warm water or a medicated solution
  • Soften and remove encrusted secretions and dead tissue
A

warm soaks

48
Q

filled either with ice chips or with alcohol based solution

A

ice bags / collars / gloves

49
Q

how often should you check the condition of skin during ice bag application?

A

every 5 minutes

50
Q

why should you dry off any moisture from ice bag application?

A

to prevent maceration of skin

51
Q
  • commonly referred as hypothermia blanket
  • cools the patient to the desired body temperature and maintains that level
A

cooling thermal blanket

52
Q

a form of local, moist cold application done with compress cloth

A

cold compress

53
Q
  • Used to lower temperature
  • Heat dissipates both by heat conduction and evaporation
A

cold sponge bath

54
Q

___ is not added anymore due to the harmful effect of its fumes and its extreme drying effect

A

alcohol

FUNDAMENTALS IN NURSING PRACTICE (38 decks)

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