HEAT AND COLD Flashcards

1
Q

3 uses of heat and cold

A
  • therapeutic
  • comfort
  • rehabilitation
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2
Q

who are more susceptible to negative effects of temp and have the lowest tolerance?

A

very young and elderly clients

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3
Q

Skin receptors adjust ___ to mild stimulation for the first few seconds, then decrease rapidly, then slowly for the next ___ minutes.

A

rapidly; 30

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4
Q

___ occurs at the time the maximum therapeutic effects of hot or cold application is achieved and the opposite effects begin

A

rebound phenomenon

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5
Q

how many minutes maximum vasodilatation heat produces?

A

20-30 minutes

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6
Q

temp of the skin when maximum vasoconstriction

A

60 F or 15 C

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7
Q

what happens when there is Continuation of heat application beyond 30 - 45 mins

A
  • tissue congestion
  • vasoconstriction
  • risk of burn
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8
Q

what happens when there is Continuation of cold application below 15°C

A

vasodilation (prevents freezing of body tissues)

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9
Q

what happens when there is prolonged cold application?

A
  • impaired circulation
  • cell deprivation
  • subsequent tissue damage
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10
Q

true or false: moisture conducts heat better than air

A

true

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11
Q

smaller area - shorter exposure =

A

better tolerance

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12
Q

larger area of exposure =

A

lower tolerance

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13
Q

heat or cold response?

vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels

A

heat

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14
Q

heat or cold response?

increased blood flow to injured body part

A

heat

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15
Q

heat or cold response?

vasoconstriction or peripheral blood vessels

A

cold

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16
Q

heat or cold response?

increased oxygen supply

A

heat

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17
Q

heat or cold response?

decreased blood circulation

A

cold

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18
Q

heat or cold response?

decreased capillary permeability

A

cold

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19
Q

heat or cold response?

decrease blood viscosity

A

heat

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20
Q

heat or cold response?

increased tissue metabolism

A

heat

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21
Q

heat or cold response?

decreased re-absorption of fluid

A

cold

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22
Q

heat or cold response?

improved circulation

23
Q

heat or cold response?

increased coagulation of blood

24
Q

heat or cold response?

  • increased CO and PR
  • sweating
  • decreased BP
25
heat or cold response? - increased BP - shivering - goosebumps
cold
26
- Responds to signals from the thermal receptors - Controls body temperature - Thermoregulatory center in the brain
hypothalamus
27
which part of hypothalamus dissipates heat?
anterior hypothalamus
28
which part of hypothalamus conserves heat?
posterior hypothalamus
29
main indications of heat application
relieves pain, muscle tension, and joint stiffness
30
main contraindications of heat application
- first 24 hours after surgery - active hemorrhage - non inflammatory edema - malignant tumor - skin disorders
31
main indications of cold application
- relieves pain - limit inflammation and suppuration - control bleeding
32
main contraindications of cold application
- open wounds - impaired circulation - allergy or hypersensitivity to cold
33
how often should you check on the heat or cold application?
every 15 minutes
34
true or false: hot water bottle or bags can be directly applied to the skin
false
35
A common form of dry heat used at home.
hot water bag
36
It is a rubber pad of tubular construction that can be filled with distilled water, an electrical unit heats the water and keeps it at an even temperature
aquathermia pad / K pad
37
It has wires that provide heat should be covered by rubber or plastic to ensure safety
electric heating pad
38
It is a gooseneck lamp containing a 60-watt bulb, applied 18-24 inches from the body
heat lamp
39
A metal cradle in which several electric sockets are installed for 25-watt luminous bulb, applied 18 inches away from the patient
heat cradle
40
commercially prepared and disposable heat applicators
hot packs
41
commercially prepared and reusable heat applicators
gel-filled hot packs
42
Similar to the water-flow heating pad except that it is of blanket size
thermal blanket
43
- Deep heat treatment - Electrical energy is changed to heat similar to the principle underlying the microwave
diathermy
44
A form of local moist heat application done with compress cloth
warm compress
45
how long can warm compress be applied?
20-30 minutes
46
duration of hot sitz bath
15-20 mins
47
- Immersion of a body area into warm water or a medicated solution - Soften and remove encrusted secretions and dead tissue
warm soaks
48
filled either with ice chips or with alcohol based solution
ice bags / collars / gloves
49
how often should you check the condition of skin during ice bag application?
every 5 minutes
50
why should you dry off any moisture from ice bag application?
to prevent maceration of skin
51
- commonly referred as hypothermia blanket - cools the patient to the desired body temperature and maintains that level
cooling thermal blanket
52
a form of local, moist cold application done with compress cloth
cold compress
53
- Used to lower temperature - Heat dissipates both by heat conduction and evaporation
cold sponge bath
54
___ is not added anymore due to the harmful effect of its fumes and its extreme drying effect
alcohol