HEAT AND COLD

Question 1

3 uses of heat and cold

Answer 1

• therapeutic
• comfort
• rehabilitation

Question 2

who are more susceptible to negative effects of temp and have the lowest tolerance?

Answer 2

very young and elderly clients

Question 3

Skin receptors adjust ___ to mild stimulation for the first few seconds, then decrease rapidly, then slowly for the next ___ minutes.

Answer 3

rapidly; 30

Question 4

___ occurs at the time the maximum therapeutic effects of hot or cold application is achieved and the opposite effects begin

Answer 4

rebound phenomenon

Question 5

how many minutes maximum vasodilatation heat produces?

Answer 5

20-30 minutes

Question 6

temp of the skin when maximum vasoconstriction

Answer 6

60 F or 15 C

Question 7

what happens when there is Continuation of heat application beyond 30 - 45 mins

Answer 7

• tissue congestion
• vasoconstriction
• risk of burn

Question 8

what happens when there is Continuation of cold application below 15°C

Answer 8

vasodilation (prevents freezing of body tissues)

Question 9

what happens when there is prolonged cold application?

Answer 9

• impaired circulation
• cell deprivation
• subsequent tissue damage

Question 10

true or false: moisture conducts heat better than air

Answer 10

true

Question 11

smaller area - shorter exposure =

Answer 11

better tolerance

Question 12

larger area of exposure =

Answer 12

lower tolerance

Question 13

heat or cold response?

vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels

Answer 13

heat

Question 14

heat or cold response?

increased blood flow to injured body part

Answer 14

heat

Question 15

heat or cold response?

vasoconstriction or peripheral blood vessels

Answer 15

cold

Question 16

heat or cold response?

increased oxygen supply

Answer 16

heat

Question 17

heat or cold response?

decreased blood circulation

Answer 17

cold

Question 18

heat or cold response?

decreased capillary permeability

Answer 18

cold

Question 19

heat or cold response?

decrease blood viscosity

Answer 19

heat

Question 20

heat or cold response?

increased tissue metabolism

Answer 20

heat

Question 21

heat or cold response?

decreased re-absorption of fluid

Answer 21

cold

Question 22

heat or cold response?

improved circulation

Answer 22

heat

Question 23

heat or cold response?

increased coagulation of blood

Answer 23

cold

Question 24

heat or cold response?

• increased CO and PR
• sweating
• decreased BP

Answer 24

heat

Question 25

heat or cold response? - increased BP - shivering - goosebumps

Answer 25

cold

Question 26

- Responds to signals from the thermal receptors - Controls body temperature - Thermoregulatory center in the brain

Answer 26

hypothalamus

Question 27

which part of hypothalamus dissipates heat?

Answer 27

anterior hypothalamus

Question 28

which part of hypothalamus conserves heat?

Answer 28

posterior hypothalamus

Question 29

main indications of heat application

Answer 29

relieves pain, muscle tension, and joint stiffness

Question 30

main contraindications of heat application

Answer 30

- first 24 hours after surgery - active hemorrhage - non inflammatory edema - malignant tumor - skin disorders

Question 31

main indications of cold application

Answer 31

- relieves pain - limit inflammation and suppuration - control bleeding

Question 32

main contraindications of cold application

Answer 32

- open wounds - impaired circulation - allergy or hypersensitivity to cold

Question 33

how often should you check on the heat or cold application?

Answer 33

every 15 minutes

Question 34

true or false: hot water bottle or bags can be directly applied to the skin

Answer 34

false

Question 35

A common form of dry heat used at home.

Answer 35

hot water bag

Question 36

It is a rubber pad of tubular construction that can be filled with distilled water, an electrical unit heats the water and keeps it at an even temperature

Answer 36

aquathermia pad / K pad

Question 37

It has wires that provide heat should be covered by rubber or plastic to ensure safety

Answer 37

electric heating pad

Question 38

It is a gooseneck lamp containing a 60-watt bulb, applied 18-24 inches from the body

Answer 38

heat lamp

Question 39

A metal cradle in which several electric sockets are installed for 25-watt luminous bulb, applied 18 inches away from the patient

Answer 39

heat cradle

Question 40

commercially prepared and disposable heat applicators

Answer 40

hot packs

Question 41

commercially prepared and reusable heat applicators

Answer 41

gel-filled hot packs

Question 42

Similar to the water-flow heating pad except that it is of blanket size

Answer 42

thermal blanket

Question 43

- Deep heat treatment - Electrical energy is changed to heat similar to the principle underlying the microwave

Answer 43

diathermy

Question 44

A form of local moist heat application done with compress cloth

Answer 44

warm compress

Question 45

how long can warm compress be applied?

Answer 45

20-30 minutes

Question 46

duration of hot sitz bath

Answer 46

15-20 mins

Question 47

- Immersion of a body area into warm water or a medicated solution - Soften and remove encrusted secretions and dead tissue

Answer 47

warm soaks

Question 48

filled either with ice chips or with alcohol based solution

Answer 48

ice bags / collars / gloves

Question 49

how often should you check the condition of skin during ice bag application?

Answer 49

every 5 minutes

Question 50

why should you dry off any moisture from ice bag application?

Answer 50

to prevent maceration of skin

Question 51

- commonly referred as hypothermia blanket - cools the patient to the desired body temperature and maintains that level

Answer 51

cooling thermal blanket

Question 52

a form of local, moist cold application done with compress cloth

Answer 52

cold compress

Question 53

- Used to lower temperature - Heat dissipates both by heat conduction and evaporation

Answer 53

cold sponge bath

Question 54

___ is not added anymore due to the harmful effect of its fumes and its extreme drying effect

Answer 54

alcohol