HEAT AND COLD Flashcards
3 uses of heat and cold
- therapeutic
- comfort
- rehabilitation
who are more susceptible to negative effects of temp and have the lowest tolerance?
very young and elderly clients
Skin receptors adjust ___ to mild stimulation for the first few seconds, then decrease rapidly, then slowly for the next ___ minutes.
rapidly; 30
___ occurs at the time the maximum therapeutic effects of hot or cold application is achieved and the opposite effects begin
rebound phenomenon
how many minutes maximum vasodilatation heat produces?
20-30 minutes
temp of the skin when maximum vasoconstriction
60 F or 15 C
what happens when there is Continuation of heat application beyond 30 - 45 mins
- tissue congestion
- vasoconstriction
- risk of burn
what happens when there is Continuation of cold application below 15°C
vasodilation (prevents freezing of body tissues)
what happens when there is prolonged cold application?
- impaired circulation
- cell deprivation
- subsequent tissue damage
true or false: moisture conducts heat better than air
true
smaller area - shorter exposure =
better tolerance
larger area of exposure =
lower tolerance
heat or cold response?
vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels
heat
heat or cold response?
increased blood flow to injured body part
heat
heat or cold response?
vasoconstriction or peripheral blood vessels
cold
heat or cold response?
increased oxygen supply
heat
heat or cold response?
decreased blood circulation
cold
heat or cold response?
decreased capillary permeability
cold
heat or cold response?
decrease blood viscosity
heat
heat or cold response?
increased tissue metabolism
heat
heat or cold response?
decreased re-absorption of fluid
cold
heat or cold response?
improved circulation
heat
heat or cold response?
increased coagulation of blood
cold
heat or cold response?
- increased CO and PR
- sweating
- decreased BP
heat
heat or cold response?
- increased BP
- shivering
- goosebumps
cold
- Responds to signals from the thermal receptors
- Controls body temperature
- Thermoregulatory center in the brain
hypothalamus
which part of hypothalamus dissipates heat?
anterior hypothalamus
which part of hypothalamus conserves heat?
posterior hypothalamus
main indications of heat application
relieves pain, muscle tension, and joint stiffness
main contraindications of heat application
- first 24 hours after surgery
- active hemorrhage
- non inflammatory edema
- malignant tumor
- skin disorders
main indications of cold application
- relieves pain
- limit inflammation and suppuration
- control bleeding
main contraindications of cold application
- open wounds
- impaired circulation
- allergy or hypersensitivity to cold
how often should you check on the heat or cold application?
every 15 minutes
true or false: hot water bottle or bags can be directly applied to the skin
false
A common form of dry heat used at home.
hot water bag
It is a rubber pad of tubular construction that can be filled with distilled water, an electrical unit heats the water and keeps it at an even temperature
aquathermia pad / K pad
It has wires that provide heat should be covered by rubber or plastic to ensure safety
electric heating pad
It is a gooseneck lamp containing a 60-watt bulb, applied 18-24 inches from the body
heat lamp
A metal cradle in which several electric sockets are installed for 25-watt luminous bulb, applied 18 inches away from the patient
heat cradle
commercially prepared and disposable heat applicators
hot packs
commercially prepared and reusable heat applicators
gel-filled hot packs
Similar to the water-flow heating pad except that it is of blanket size
thermal blanket
- Deep heat treatment
- Electrical energy is changed to heat similar to the principle underlying the microwave
diathermy
A form of local moist heat application done with compress cloth
warm compress
how long can warm compress be applied?
20-30 minutes
duration of hot sitz bath
15-20 mins
- Immersion of a body area into warm water or a medicated solution
- Soften and remove encrusted secretions and dead tissue
warm soaks
filled either with ice chips or with alcohol based solution
ice bags / collars / gloves
how often should you check the condition of skin during ice bag application?
every 5 minutes
why should you dry off any moisture from ice bag application?
to prevent maceration of skin
- commonly referred as hypothermia blanket
- cools the patient to the desired body temperature and maintains that level
cooling thermal blanket
a form of local, moist cold application done with compress cloth
cold compress
- Used to lower temperature
- Heat dissipates both by heat conduction and evaporation
cold sponge bath
___ is not added anymore due to the harmful effect of its fumes and its extreme drying effect
alcohol
