INTRAVENOUS THERAPY

Question 1

insertion of a needle or catheter / cannula into a vein, based on the physician’s written prescription

Answer 1

IV therapy

Question 2

Change the IV site every ___

Answer 2

48-72 hours

Question 3

Replace the tubing every ___

Answer 3

72 hours

Question 4

Replace solution bottle (or bag) every ___

Answer 4

24 hours

Question 5

Change blood tubing every ___ or after ___ units

Answer 5

4 hours; 2 units

Question 6

2 types of IV solutions

Answer 6

crystalloid and colloid

Question 7

These solutions stay in the vascular compartment expanding vascular volume

Answer 7

isotonic solution

Question 8

used to provide free water and treat cellular dehydration. These solutions promote waste elimination by the kidneys.

Answer 8

hypotonic solution

Question 9

draw fluid out of the intracellular and interstitial compartments into the vascular compartment, expanding vascular volume

Answer 9

hypertonic solution

Question 10

this isotonic solution should not be given to patients with liver disease or blood pH > 7.5

Answer 10

lactated ringer’s

Question 11

this isotonic solution should not be given to patients at risk for increased ICP

Answer 11

D5W / 5% dextrose in water

Question 12

Do not administer to clients at risk for increased intracranial pressure or third-space fluid shift, hypotension, neurosurgery, burns, trauma, or low serum protein levels from malnutrition or liver disease

Answer 12

0.45% and 0.33% NaCl

Question 13

Do not administer to clients with kidney or heart disease or clients who are dehydrated. Watch for signs of hypervolemia

Answer 13

D5NS, D5 1/2 NS, D5LR

Question 14

• Contain large molecules such as proteins that do not readily pass through the capillary membrane.
• referred to as volume expanders
• expensive, short half-lives, require refrigeration

Answer 14

colloid solutions

Question 15

These solutions are commonly used to:

• Increase blood volume following severe blood loss
• Replace blood components
• Supplementation of nutrients / needs

Answer 15

colloid solutions

Question 16

Consists of an insertion spike, a drip chamber, a roller valve or screw clamp, tubing with secondary ports, and a protective cap over the connecter to the IV catheter

Answer 16

infusion administration sets

Question 17

The insertion spike is kept ___

Answer 17

sterile

Question 18

A macrodrip drip chamber delivers between ___ drops (abbreviated gtts) per milliliter of solution.

Answer 18

10 and 20

Question 19

Microdrip sets deliver ___ drops per milliliter of solution

Answer 19

60

Question 20

• used for rapid or routine fluid delivery or in keeping the vein open
• 10, 15, 20 drop factor

Answer 20

macrodrip set

Question 21

• Used for medication administration or for pediatric fluid delivery
• 60 ugtts/mL

Answer 21

microdrip set

Question 22

Used to hang the solution container

Answer 22

IV poles / stands

Question 23

the higher the solution, the ___ the force of the solution

Answer 23

greater

Question 24

• Winged infusion set or scalp vein set
• Used to draw blood from a vein

Answer 24

butterfly needle with adapter

Question 25

Infusion of IV medications over short periods of time (e.g., 30, 60, or 120 minutes) and repeated at intervals of several hours (e.g. every 4, 6, 8, 12, or 24 hours)

Answer 25

intermittent infusion set

Question 26

- safest and easiest infusion - Commonly added medications: Vitamins, KCl - Danger: circulatory fluid overload

Answer 26

large volume infusions

Question 27

an undiluted drug is given directly into the systemic circulation, especially in cases of an emergency or if the drug is not supposed to be diluted

Answer 27

IV push / bolus

Question 28

These are small fluid containers (100-150mL) that is attached to the primary infusion container, so the medication is administered through the patient's IV line

Answer 28

volume controlled infusion

Question 29

A second container is attached to the line of the first container at the lower, secondary port so that the meds can be administered intermittently at the same time with the primary solution

Answer 29

tandem set up

Question 30

- There is a second set that connects the second container to the tubing of the primary container at the upper port - used for intermittent drug administration

Answer 30

piggyback

Question 31

These can be attached to an IV catheter or needle to allow medications to be administered through the veins without needing a continuous IV infusion

Answer 31

intermittent infusion devices

Question 32

infusion of fluid and/or medication outside the intravascular space, into the surrounding soft tissue

Answer 32

infiltration

Question 33

One way to determine if the IV has infiltrated is to apply slight pressure over the vein about ___ inches below the catheter tip; if the solution continues to run, it is probably infiltrated

Answer 33

three / 3

Question 34

leaking of vesicant drugs into surrounding tissue

Answer 34

extravasation

Question 35

occurs when there is leakage of blood from the vessel into the surrounding soft tissue

Answer 35

hematoma

Question 36

inflammation of the vein. Inflammation occurs as a result of irritation to the endothelial cells of the vein creating a rough cell wall where platelets readily adhere

Answer 36

phlebitis

Question 37

common site of phlebitis

Answer 37

dorsum of the hand

Question 38

the formation of a blood clot

Answer 38

thrombosis

Question 39

Refers to vein inflammation associated with a thrombus formation at the vein wall

Answer 39

thrombophlebitis

Question 40

a sudden involuntary contraction of a vein resulting in a temporary cessation of blood flow through a vessel.

Answer 40

venous spasm

Question 41

caused by fibrin sheath formation and identified by absent or sluggish blood return, although fluids can be infused

Answer 41

occlusion

Question 42

characterized by inability to withdraw blood or infuse fluids or medications.

Answer 42

total occlusion

Question 43

precipitated by the presence of more fluid volume than the circulatory system can manage

Answer 43

circulatory overload

Question 44

a pathological state or pyrogenic reaction that is usually accompanied by systemic illness. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria invade the bloodstream.

Answer 44

septicemia

Question 45

occurs as a result of a large volume of air entering the patient's vein via the IV administration set

Answer 45

air embolism