CARPER AND BENNER CONCEPTS

Question 1

4 Patterns of Knowing

Answer 1

Empirical, Personal, Ethics, Aesthetics

Question 2

• scientific knowledge
• descriptive
• seeking to develop abstract theoretical meaning

Answer 2

Empirical Knowing

Question 3

• embodies the nurse’s creative ability to individualize care
• reflects the nurse’s perception of the patient and the patient’s needs

Answer 3

Aesthetic Knowing

Question 4

4 modes of Aesthetic Knowing

Answer 4

Empathy, Compassion, Holism, Sensitivity

Question 5

Concerned with the knowing, encountering, and actualizing of the concrete, individual self

Answer 5

Personal Knowing

Question 6

• draws on one’s moral values
• focuses on obligations
• involves sensing another’s value
  system and respecting that system as different, not better or
  worse, than one’s own

Answer 6

Ethical Knowing

Question 7

Who pioneered the 4 patterns of knowing?

Answer 7

Barbara Carper

Question 8

Who established the 5 levels of Proficiency in Nursing?

Answer 8

Patricia Benner

Question 9

A model of the socialization process in nursing

Answer 9

Stages of Nursing Expertise

Question 10

• process by which people
  learn to become members of groups and society, and social rules defining relationships into which they will enter
• involves learning to behave, feel, and see the world in a manner similar to other persons occupying the same role as oneself

Answer 10

Socialization

Question 11

• no background experience
• Performance is limited, inflexible, and governed by context free rules and regulations rather than experience.

Answer 11

Novice

Question 12

• acceptable performance
• guided by rules
• oriented by task completion
• has enough experience to grasp aspects of the situation

Answer 12

Advanced beginner

Question 13

• demonstrates organizational and planning abilities
• begins to recognize patterns and
  determines which elements of the
  situation warrant attention and which can be ignored

Answer 13

Competent

Question 14

• devises new rules and reasoning procedures
• coordinates multiple complex care demands
• has increased level of efficiency
• may display hyperresponsibility

Answer 14

Competent

Question 15

• new ability to see changing relevance in a situation including recognition and implementation of skilled responses to the situation as
  it evolves
• demonstrates increased confidence

Answer 15

Proficient

Question 16

• has holistic understanding of the
  client which improves decision making
• focuses on long term goals

Answer 16

Proficient

Question 17

key aspects:

• a clinical grasp and resource-based practice
• embodied know-how
• seeing the big picture
• seeing the unexpected

Answer 17

Expert

Question 18

• no longer relies on analytical principle
• fluid, flexible, and highly proficient
  performance
• with highly skilled intuitive and analytic ability in new situations

Answer 18

Expert