ADMINISTERING ENEMA Flashcards

1
Q
  • solution introduced into the rectum and large intestine
  • it distends large intestine and irritate the intestinal mucosa thereby increasing peristalsis and the excretion of feces and flatus
A

enema

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2
Q

purposes of enema

A
  • cleanse the colon
  • assist in the evacuation of stool of flatus
  • instill medication
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3
Q
  • stimulates peristalsis by irritating the rectum and colon or by distending the intestines with the volume of fluid
A

cleansing enema

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4
Q

cleansing enema is most effective if held for ____ minutes

A

5-10 minutes

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5
Q

2 kinds of cleansing enema

A

high cleansing and low cleansing

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6
Q
  • gives to clean as much of the colon as possible
  • about 1 liter of solution
  • change position from left lateral, to dorsal recumbent, to right lateral
A

high cleansing enema

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7
Q
  • used to clean the rectum and the sigmoid colon only
  • 500 ml of solution is administered
  • maintain left lateral
A

low cleansing enema

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8
Q
  • given primarily to expel flatus
  • solution is instilled into the rectum releases gas, which in turn distends the rectum and colon, thus stimulating peristalsis
  • 60-80 ml of fluid
A

carminative enema

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9
Q
  • introduces oil or medication into the rectum and sigmoid colon
  • oil is retained for 1-3 hours
  • acts to soften the feces and to lubricate the rectum and anal canal, thus facilitating the passage of feces
A

retention enema

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10
Q

enema used to treat infection locally

A

antibiotic enema

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11
Q

enema used to kill worms and intestinal parasites

A

anthelmintic enema

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12
Q

enema used to administer fluids and nutrients to the rectum

A

nutritive enema

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13
Q
  • referred to as harris flush or colonic irrigation
  • done to expel flatus
  • alternating flow of 100-200 ml fluid into and out of the rectum to stimulate peristalsis
A

return flow

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14
Q

500-1000 ml fluid

A

large volume

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15
Q
  • evacuating stool and instilling medications
  • 150-240 ml fluid
A

small volume

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16
Q

chief danger of enema for hypertonic and isotonic solutions

A

sodium retention

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17
Q

chief danger of enema for hypotonic solution

A

fluid & electrolyte imbalance / water intoxication

18
Q

chief danger of enema for soapsuds solution

A

irritation and mucosa damage

19
Q
  • draws water into the colon
  • 90-120 ml
  • effect: 5-10 minutes
A

hypertonic / fleet phosphate enema

20
Q
  • distends colon, stimulates peristalsis, soften feces
  • 500-1000 ml
  • effect: 15-20 minutes
A

hypotonic / tap water

21
Q
  • distends colon, stimulates peristalsis, softens feces
  • 500-1000 ml
  • effect: 15-20 minutes
A

isotonic / normal saline

22
Q
  • irritates mucosa and distends colon
  • 500-1000 ml
  • effect: 10-15 minutes
A

soapsuds

23
Q

ratio of soapsuds solution

A

3-5 ml white bland soap : 1000 ml of water

24
Q
  • lubricates the feces and colonic mucosa
  • 90-120 ml
  • effect: 30 mins - 3 hours
A

oil (mineral, olive, or cottonseed)

25
Q

amount of solution for less than 18 mos

A

50-200 ml

26
Q

amount of solution for 18 mos to 5 years old

A

200-300 ml

27
Q

amount of solution for 5-12 years old

A

300-500 ml

28
Q

amount of solution for adolescent

A

500-750 ml

29
Q

amount of solution for adults

A

750-1000 ml

30
Q

rectal tube size for adult

A

22-30 French

30
Q

rectal tube size for infant

A

12 French

31
Q

rectal tube size for toddler

A

14-18 French

32
Q

enema temp for adult

A

40.5 - 43 C

33
Q

enema temp for children

A

37.7 C

34
Q

some retention enemas are given at what temp?

A

33 C

35
Q

distance of insertion for adult

A

7-10 cm / 3-4 in

36
Q

distance of insertion for children

A

5-7.5 cm / 2-3 in

37
Q

distance of insertion for infants

A

2.5-3.5 cm / 1-1.5 in

38
Q

while the enema is in the body, the client may have a feeling of ___ or ___

A

fullness / abdominal discomfort

39
Q

length of time oil retention enema should be retained

A

30 minutes

40
Q

what do you do if the client complains of fullness or pain?

A

stop the flow for 30 seconds then restart the flow at a slower rate