ADMINISTERING ENEMA Flashcards
- solution introduced into the rectum and large intestine
- it distends large intestine and irritate the intestinal mucosa thereby increasing peristalsis and the excretion of feces and flatus
enema
purposes of enema
- cleanse the colon
- assist in the evacuation of stool of flatus
- instill medication
- stimulates peristalsis by irritating the rectum and colon or by distending the intestines with the volume of fluid
cleansing enema
cleansing enema is most effective if held for ____ minutes
5-10 minutes
2 kinds of cleansing enema
high cleansing and low cleansing
- gives to clean as much of the colon as possible
- about 1 liter of solution
- change position from left lateral, to dorsal recumbent, to right lateral
high cleansing enema
- used to clean the rectum and the sigmoid colon only
- 500 ml of solution is administered
- maintain left lateral
low cleansing enema
- given primarily to expel flatus
- solution is instilled into the rectum releases gas, which in turn distends the rectum and colon, thus stimulating peristalsis
- 60-80 ml of fluid
carminative enema
- introduces oil or medication into the rectum and sigmoid colon
- oil is retained for 1-3 hours
- acts to soften the feces and to lubricate the rectum and anal canal, thus facilitating the passage of feces
retention enema
enema used to treat infection locally
antibiotic enema
enema used to kill worms and intestinal parasites
anthelmintic enema
enema used to administer fluids and nutrients to the rectum
nutritive enema
- referred to as harris flush or colonic irrigation
- done to expel flatus
- alternating flow of 100-200 ml fluid into and out of the rectum to stimulate peristalsis
return flow
500-1000 ml fluid
large volume
- evacuating stool and instilling medications
- 150-240 ml fluid
small volume
chief danger of enema for hypertonic and isotonic solutions
sodium retention
chief danger of enema for hypotonic solution
fluid & electrolyte imbalance / water intoxication
chief danger of enema for soapsuds solution
irritation and mucosa damage
- draws water into the colon
- 90-120 ml
- effect: 5-10 minutes
hypertonic / fleet phosphate enema
- distends colon, stimulates peristalsis, soften feces
- 500-1000 ml
- effect: 15-20 minutes
hypotonic / tap water
- distends colon, stimulates peristalsis, softens feces
- 500-1000 ml
- effect: 15-20 minutes
isotonic / normal saline
- irritates mucosa and distends colon
- 500-1000 ml
- effect: 10-15 minutes
soapsuds
ratio of soapsuds solution
3-5 ml white bland soap : 1000 ml of water
- lubricates the feces and colonic mucosa
- 90-120 ml
- effect: 30 mins - 3 hours
oil (mineral, olive, or cottonseed)
