Research Approach and Methods and Writing Research Introduction

Question 1

A reflection of a broader cultural phenomenon
(modernism) that emphasizes the rational and the
scientific

Answer 1

Positivist Paradigm

Question 2

reality that can be studied and known,
thus their research is focused on understanding
underlying causes of natural phenomena.

Answer 2

Positivist Paradigm

Question 3

Believe in reality and has a desire to understand it but
recognize the impossibility of total objectivity and
see it as a goal.

Answer 3

Post Positivist Paradigm

Question 4

reality is not a fixed entity but
rather a construction of the individual.

Answer 4

Naturalistic Paradigm

Question 5

Assumes that knowledge is maximized when the
distance between the inquirer and the participants
in the study is minimized

Answer 5

Naturalistic Paradigm

Question 6

The variable that depends on other factors that are
measured

Answer 6

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Question 7

These variables are expected to change as a result of
an experimental manipulation of the independent
variable or variables.

Answer 7

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Question 8

The variable that is stable and unaffected by the other
variables you are trying to measure

Answer 8

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

Question 9

It refers to the condition of an experiment that is
systematically manipulated by the investigator. It is
the presumed cause

Answer 9

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

Question 10

is either no comparison
group or subjects are not randomly assigned to groups.

Answer 10

QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

Question 11

widely used in various physical and social science
fields, even though it may be quite difficult to execute

Answer 11

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Question 12

is the simplest form of research, and is carried out by
observing a group or groups of dependent variables
after the treatment of an independent variable which
is presumed to cause change on the group(s)

Answer 12

PRE-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Question 13

focuses
on obtaining data through open-ended and
conversational communication.

Answer 13

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Question 14

This method is not only about “what” people think but
also “why” they thin

Answer 14

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Question 15

It is a personal interview that is carried out with
one respondent at a time. This is purely a
conversational method and invites opportunities
to get details in depth from the respondent

Answer 15

ONE-ON-ONE INTERVIEW

Question 16

usually includes a limited number
of respondents (6-10) from within your target
market

Answer 16

FOCUS GROUPS

Question 17

is the most in-depth
observational method that studies people in their
naturally occurring environment

Answer 17

ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH:

Question 18

requires the researchers to adapt to
the target audiences’ environments which could
be anywhere from an organization to a city or any
remote location

Answer 18

ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH:

Question 19

has evolved over the past
few years and developed into a valuable
qualitative research method

Answer 19

CASE STUDY RESEARCH

Question 20

makes use of the already existing
reliable documents and similar sources of
information as the data source. This is similar to going to a library

Answer 20

RECORD KEEPING

Question 21

is defined as a systematic investigation of phenomena
by gathering quantifiable data and performing
statistical, mathematical, or computational
techniques.

Answer 21

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Question 22

used to ask questions to a sample of
respondents, using various types such as online
polls, online surveys, paper questionnaires,
web-intercept surveys

Answer 22

SURVEY RESEARCH

Question 23

are
observational surveys
conducted in situations where
the researcher intends to collect data from sample of the
target population at a given
point in time

Answer 23

Cross-sectional surveys

Question 24

also
observational surveys
conducted across various
time durations to observe a
change in respondent
behavior and
thought-processes

Answer 24

Longitudinal surveys

Question 25

A comparison between two entities is
invariable. To establish a
relationship between two closely-knit entities
and how one impacts the other and what are the
changes that are eventually observed

Answer 25

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

Question 26

The independent variable is established but
not manipulated, and its impact on the
dependent variable is observed

Answer 26

CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH

Question 27

this
research method is reliant on a theory. This theory has not been proven in the past and
is merely a supposition

Answer 27

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Question 28

is a type of research that
describes a population, situation, or phenomenon
that is being studied. It focuses on answering the how, what, when, and
where questions

Answer 28

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

Question 29

simply something about one or all
of the things being compared. This technique often utilizes multiple disciplines in one
stud

Answer 29

COMPARATIVE

Question 30

observing two variables in order to establish a
statistically corresponding relationship between them

Answer 30

CORRELATIONAL

Question 31

Investigators administer a ____ to a simple or to the
entire population of people to describe the attitudes,
opinions, behaviors or characteristics of the
population

Answer 31

SURVEY

Question 32

• Describe experiences as they are lived.
• Examines individual’s lived situation
• Each person has own reality; reality is subjective

Answer 32

PHENOMENAL

Question 33

y is a research method that will enable you
to: develop a theory which offers an explanation about
the main concern of the population of your substantive
area and how that concern is resolved or processed

Answer 33

GROUNDED THEORY

Question 34

is a study through direct observation of users
in their natural environment rather than in a lab

Answer 34

ETHNOGRAPHIC

Question 35

attempts to systematically recapture the complex nuances,
the people, meanings, events, and even ideas of the past
that have influenced and shaped the present

Answer 35

HISTORICAL

Question 36

have evolved over the
past few years as a useful tool for investigating trends
and specific situations in many scientific disciplines

Answer 36

CASE STUDY

Question 37

Present an overview of current research on the issue
or problem. This may include current data/statistics

Answer 37

Trends

Question 38

Identify the gap, problem or gray area of the topic of
interest. Present literatures/findings of different authors of the
same topic

Answer 38

Issues/problem

Question 39

Based on the identified issues/problem state your
general research question or intent of the study and
hypothesis to fill the gap or answer the identified
problems of the topic of interest

Answer 39

Objectives

Question 40

State the value and relevance of your research, why
is your study relevant, what will it contribute to the
profession and the stakeholders and why should we
care about your research

Answer 40

Contribution