Research Approach and Methods and Writing Research Introduction Flashcards
A reflection of a broader cultural phenomenon
(modernism) that emphasizes the rational and the
scientific
Positivist Paradigm
reality that can be studied and known,
thus their research is focused on understanding
underlying causes of natural phenomena.
Positivist Paradigm
Believe in reality and has a desire to understand it but
recognize the impossibility of total objectivity and
see it as a goal.
Post Positivist Paradigm
reality is not a fixed entity but
rather a construction of the individual.
Naturalistic Paradigm
Assumes that knowledge is maximized when the
distance between the inquirer and the participants
in the study is minimized
Naturalistic Paradigm
The variable that depends on other factors that are
measured
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
These variables are expected to change as a result of
an experimental manipulation of the independent
variable or variables.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
The variable that is stable and unaffected by the other
variables you are trying to measure
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
It refers to the condition of an experiment that is
systematically manipulated by the investigator. It is
the presumed cause
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
is either no comparison
group or subjects are not randomly assigned to groups.
QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS
widely used in various physical and social science
fields, even though it may be quite difficult to execute
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
is the simplest form of research, and is carried out by
observing a group or groups of dependent variables
after the treatment of an independent variable which
is presumed to cause change on the group(s)
PRE-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
focuses
on obtaining data through open-ended and
conversational communication.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
This method is not only about “what” people think but
also “why” they thin
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
It is a personal interview that is carried out with
one respondent at a time. This is purely a
conversational method and invites opportunities
to get details in depth from the respondent
ONE-ON-ONE INTERVIEW
usually includes a limited number
of respondents (6-10) from within your target
market
FOCUS GROUPS
is the most in-depth
observational method that studies people in their
naturally occurring environment
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH:
requires the researchers to adapt to
the target audiences’ environments which could
be anywhere from an organization to a city or any
remote location
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH:
has evolved over the past
few years and developed into a valuable
qualitative research method
CASE STUDY RESEARCH
makes use of the already existing
reliable documents and similar sources of
information as the data source. This is similar to going to a library
RECORD KEEPING
is defined as a systematic investigation of phenomena
by gathering quantifiable data and performing
statistical, mathematical, or computational
techniques.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
used to ask questions to a sample of
respondents, using various types such as online
polls, online surveys, paper questionnaires,
web-intercept surveys
SURVEY RESEARCH
are
observational surveys
conducted in situations where
the researcher intends to collect data from sample of the
target population at a given
point in time
Cross-sectional surveys
also
observational surveys
conducted across various
time durations to observe a
change in respondent
behavior and
thought-processes
Longitudinal surveys
A comparison between two entities is
invariable. To establish a
relationship between two closely-knit entities
and how one impacts the other and what are the
changes that are eventually observed
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
The independent variable is established but
not manipulated, and its impact on the
dependent variable is observed
CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH
this
research method is reliant on a theory. This theory has not been proven in the past and
is merely a supposition
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
is a type of research that
describes a population, situation, or phenomenon
that is being studied. It focuses on answering the how, what, when, and
where questions
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
simply something about one or all
of the things being compared. This technique often utilizes multiple disciplines in one
stud
COMPARATIVE
observing two variables in order to establish a
statistically corresponding relationship between them
CORRELATIONAL
Investigators administer a ____ to a simple or to the
entire population of people to describe the attitudes,
opinions, behaviors or characteristics of the
population
SURVEY
- Describe experiences as they are lived.
- Examines individual’s lived situation
- Each person has own reality; reality is subjective
PHENOMENAL
y is a research method that will enable you
to: develop a theory which offers an explanation about
the main concern of the population of your substantive
area and how that concern is resolved or processed
GROUNDED THEORY
is a study through direct observation of users
in their natural environment rather than in a lab
ETHNOGRAPHIC
attempts to systematically recapture the complex nuances,
the people, meanings, events, and even ideas of the past
that have influenced and shaped the present
HISTORICAL
have evolved over the
past few years as a useful tool for investigating trends
and specific situations in many scientific disciplines
CASE STUDY
Present an overview of current research on the issue
or problem. This may include current data/statistics
Trends
Identify the gap, problem or gray area of the topic of
interest. Present literatures/findings of different authors of the
same topic
Issues/problem
Based on the identified issues/problem state your
general research question or intent of the study and
hypothesis to fill the gap or answer the identified
problems of the topic of interest
Objectives
State the value and relevance of your research, why
is your study relevant, what will it contribute to the
profession and the stakeholders and why should we
care about your research
Contribution
