CHN CU:8 Flashcards
any noxious, unintended, and undesired effects of
a drug which occurs at doses in human for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy.
Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)
any injury that results in medications used
Adverse Drug Event (ADE)
what the body does to the drug
Pharmacokinetic Changes
is an estimate of Glomerular Filtration (GFR) and
decreases with age.
Creatinine clearance
normal creatinine level of male and female
Male : 0.7 – 1.7 mg/dl
Female : 0.4 – 1.4 mg/dl
Used as the gross
measure of glomerular function and the production and
excretion of urea.
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
normal BUN level
7-23 mg/dl
Indicator of liver disease
Alkaline Phosphatase
normal level of alkaline phosphatase
34-122 u/l
what then drug does to the body?
Pharmacodynamic Changes
the presence or absence of any food that may reduce or
increase the bioavailability of a medication, leading to unanticipated effects
Drug-Food Interactions
an interaction between one drug and another can result from altered pharmacokinetics or
pharmacodynamics.
DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION
Certain disease states may be exacerbated by specific drug therapies, and these
drugs may be contraindicated in patients with a coexisting underlying disease
Drug-Disease Interactions
Prescription, administration, or use of more medications than are clinically
indicated in a given patient.
Polypharmacy
Problems with medication use in the nursing facility have prompted federal legislation
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) 1987
Omission or commission of an act that departs from acceptable and reasonable
standards, which can take several forms
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
committing an unlawful or improper act.
Malfeasance
performing an act improperly
Misfeasance
failure to take proper action
Nonfeasance
failure to abide by the standards of one’s profession
Malpractice
disregard to protection the safety of another person
Criminal negligence
refers to loyalty and a championing of the needs and interest of others, to educate and informed the patients about their rights and access benefits entitled for them
ADVOCACY
is the concept that each person has a right to make independent choices and
decisions
AUTONOMY
concepts of do good
BENEFICENCE
do no harm
NONMALEFICENCE
emphasizes respect for human dignity that is demonstrated in daily
work.
CONFIDENTIALITY
refers to keeping promises or being true to another, being faithful to
commitments and responsibilities
FIDELITY
refers to using both fiscal reserves and caregiving
resources wisely, potentially requiring a cost-benefit analysis to facilitate decision making
FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY
refers to fairness of an act situation
JUSTICE
value of life and the right to live.
QUALITY AND SANCTITY OF LIFE
s a feature of integrity concerned with the ability to be true to one’s self
while respecting and supporting the values and views of another.
RECIPPROCITY
means truthfulness and refers to telling the truth, or at the least, not
misleading or deceiving patients or their families
VERACITY
issues- between family members and caregivers represent
the elderly or assist them in decision-making.
Actual Conflict of Interest
which include those which are not actual conflicts in the
course of care but may later become conflicts when the elder patient’s interest diverge from
those who provide the care
Perceived Conflicts of Interest
in caring for an elderly patient, invariably, there is disclosure made by the family and relatives regarding information that may otherwise be personal and confidentiality to the patient alone
Issues on Confidentiality
Many times, the older patient’s decision-making
capacity ( also referred to as “ competence”) may be required for certain decisions
Issues on Decision- Making Capacity
moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conducting of an
activity.
ETHICS
deviation from standard of care
MALPRACTICE
failure to conform to the standard of care
NEGLIGENCE
