PEDIA (Cardio and Neuro) Flashcards
Congenital Heart Disease common in Boys
- Transposition of the Great Artery (TOGA)
- Truncus Arteriosus
- Tetralogy of Fallot
Congenital Heart Disease common in Girls
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Atrio Septal Defect (ASD)
shunting from left to right
Acyanotic heart Defects
shunting from right to left
Cyanotic Heart Defects
opening between 2 ventricles
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Systolic murmur at lower border of the sternum and no other significant sign
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
hypertrophy of the right side of the heart
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Only 50% of the oxygenated blood will go to the aorta
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Management for VSD:
- Open heart surgery
- Long term antibiotic
- Protect site of catheterization
- Avoid flexion of joints
site of catheterization for VSD
right femoral vein
failure of the foramen ovale to close
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
In ASD, 50% of the blood goes to the ____
right atrium
Systolic murmur at the upper border of the sternum with no significant sign
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Management for ASD:
- Open heart surgery
- Long term antibiotic therapy
failure of the Ductus Arteriosus to close
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
- Prominent radial pulse
- Continuous machinery like murmur
- ECG reveals hypertrophy of the left ventricle
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
prostaglandin inhibitor that
facilitate closure of PDA
Indomethacin
what age should ligation of pda must conduct?
2 - 4 years old
narrowing of arch of aorta
Coarctation of Aorta
Outstanding signs of coarctation of aorta:
- Absent femoral pulse
- BP is higher on the upper extremities and dec on the lower extremities
- Epistaxis
- Lesser blood goes to the lower extremities
management for coarctation of aorta:
- Take BP on 4 extremities
- Close heart surgery
- Aorta is arising from the RV
- Pulmonary Artery is arising
from the LV
Transposition of Great Arteries
Signs & Symptoms of Transposition of Great Arteries:
- Cyanosis after 1st cry
- Polycythemia
Palliative repair -
Rash Kind repair
Complete repair -
Mustard repair
4 Anomalies present in Tetralogy of Fallot:
- Pulmonary Stenosis
- Ventricular Septal Defect
- Overriding of Aorta
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
outstanding sign of Tetralogy of Fallot
High degree of cyanosis
In Tetralogy of Fallot, severe dyspnea is relieved by ____
squatting position
In Tetralogy of Fallot, Cyanotic Spell is relieved by
Knee chest position in infants
An imbalance of CSF absorption or production caused by malformations, tumors, hemorrhage, infections, or trauma
HYDROCEPHALUS
impaired absorption within the subarachnoid
space
Communicating
Obstruction of CSF flow in the ventricular system
Noncommunicating
Thin, widely separated
bones of the head that
produce a cracked-pot sound on percussion
Macewen’s sign
Late signs of hydrocephalus:
High, shrill cry and seizures
eyes appear driven downward bilaterally
SUN SET EYES
the CSF drains from the lateral ventricle > peritoneal cavity
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
If CSF increased, elevated HOB to ____ degrees to enhance gravity flow through the shunt
15 to 30 degrees
Disorder characterized by impaired movement and posture
CEREBRAL PALSY
most common clinical type. represents an upper motor neuron type of muscle
weakness
Spastic cerebral palsy
Therapeutic management for cerebral palsy
PT, OT, Speech therapy, education and recreation
