PEDIA (Cardio and Neuro)

Question 1

Congenital Heart Disease common in Boys

Answer 1

• Transposition of the Great Artery (TOGA)
• Truncus Arteriosus
• Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 2

Congenital Heart Disease common in Girls

Answer 2

• Patent Ductus Arteriosus
• Atrio Septal Defect (ASD)

Question 3

shunting from left to right

Answer 3

Acyanotic heart Defects

Question 4

shunting from right to left

Answer 4

Cyanotic Heart Defects

Question 5

opening between 2 ventricles

Answer 5

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Question 6

Systolic murmur at lower border of the sternum and no other significant sign

Answer 6

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Question 7

hypertrophy of the right side of the heart

Answer 7

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Question 8

Only 50% of the oxygenated blood will go to the aorta

Answer 8

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Question 9

Management for VSD:

Answer 9

• Open heart surgery
• Long term antibiotic
• Protect site of catheterization
• Avoid flexion of joints

Question 10

site of catheterization for VSD

Answer 10

right femoral vein

Question 11

failure of the foramen ovale to close

Answer 11

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Question 12

In ASD, 50% of the blood goes to the ____

Answer 12

right atrium

Question 13

Systolic murmur at the upper border of the sternum with no significant sign

Answer 13

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Question 14

Management for ASD:

Answer 14

• Open heart surgery
• Long term antibiotic therapy

Question 15

failure of the Ductus Arteriosus to close

Answer 15

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Question 16

• Prominent radial pulse
• Continuous machinery like murmur
• ECG reveals hypertrophy of the left ventricle

Answer 16

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Question 17

prostaglandin inhibitor that
facilitate closure of PDA

Answer 17

Indomethacin

Question 18

what age should ligation of pda must conduct?

Answer 18

2 - 4 years old

Question 19

narrowing of arch of aorta

Answer 19

Coarctation of Aorta

Question 20

Outstanding signs of coarctation of aorta:

Answer 20

• Absent femoral pulse
• BP is higher on the upper extremities and dec on the lower extremities
• Epistaxis
• Lesser blood goes to the lower extremities

Question 21

management for coarctation of aorta:

Answer 21

• Take BP on 4 extremities
• Close heart surgery

Question 22

• Aorta is arising from the RV
• Pulmonary Artery is arising
  from the LV

Answer 22

Transposition of Great Arteries

Question 23

Signs & Symptoms of Transposition of Great Arteries:

Answer 23

• Cyanosis after 1st cry
• Polycythemia

Question 24

Palliative repair -

Answer 24

Rash Kind repair

Question 25

Complete repair -

Answer 25

Mustard repair

Question 26

4 Anomalies present in Tetralogy of Fallot:

Answer 26

- Pulmonary Stenosis - Ventricular Septal Defect - Overriding of Aorta - Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Question 27

outstanding sign of Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 27

High degree of cyanosis

Question 28

In Tetralogy of Fallot, severe dyspnea is relieved by ____

Answer 28

squatting position

Question 29

In Tetralogy of Fallot, Cyanotic Spell is relieved by

Answer 29

Knee chest position in infants

Question 30

An imbalance of CSF absorption or production caused by malformations, tumors, hemorrhage, infections, or trauma

Answer 30

HYDROCEPHALUS

Question 31

impaired absorption within the subarachnoid space

Answer 31

Communicating

Question 32

Obstruction of CSF flow in the ventricular system

Answer 32

Noncommunicating

Question 33

Thin, widely separated bones of the head that produce a cracked-pot sound on percussion

Answer 33

Macewen’s sign

Question 34

Late signs of hydrocephalus:

Answer 34

High, shrill cry and seizures

Question 35

eyes appear driven downward bilaterally

Answer 35

SUN SET EYES

Question 36

the CSF drains from the lateral ventricle > peritoneal cavity

Answer 36

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Question 37

If CSF increased, elevated HOB to ____ degrees to enhance gravity flow through the shunt

Answer 37

15 to 30 degrees

Question 38

Disorder characterized by impaired movement and posture

Answer 38

CEREBRAL PALSY

Question 39

most common clinical type. represents an upper motor neuron type of muscle weakness

Answer 39

Spastic cerebral palsy

Question 40

Therapeutic management for cerebral palsy

Answer 40

PT, OT, Speech therapy, education and recreation