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Med > CDN (INTRO) > Flashcards

CDN (INTRO) Flashcards

1
Q

An illness due to an infectious agent or its toxic products which is transmitted to a person or animal directly or indirectly via of an intermediate animal host (vector), vehicle ( water, food, blood) or inanimate environment

A

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

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2
Q

Diseases that can be easily transmitted from person to person

A

CONTAGIOUS

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3
Q

Are those disease not transmitted by ordinary contact but require a direct inoculation through a break in the previously intact skin or mucous membrane

A

INFECTIOUS

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4
Q

Microorganisms that are capable of causing an infection.

A

CAUSATIVE AGENT

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5
Q

ability to invade & multiply within the host

A

Virulence

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6
Q

the ability of a microorganism to cause a disease

A

Pathogenicity

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7
Q

Replicate the host

A

Colonization

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8
Q

Adhere to the host

A

Adherence

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9
Q

Gain access to the host

A

Poor sanitation (Contamination)

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10
Q

Invade tissues

A

Invasion

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11
Q

are produced or other agents that cause host harm (tissue damage)

A

Toxins

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12
Q

habitat where organism survives & multiplies

A

RESERVOIR

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13
Q

the means of exit of the microorganisms from the reservoir. Can be droplets, excretions, secretions & break in skin.

A

PORTAL OF EXIT

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14
Q

The organism transmitted from one host to the next host. Can be contact, droplets & airborne

A

MODES OF TRANSMISSION

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15
Q

is a common mode for gastrointestinal pathogens.

A

Hand-to-mouth

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16
Q

through physical contact.

A

CONTACT TRANSMISSION

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17
Q

person-to-person

A

Direct

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18
Q

from fomites - contaminated object

A

Indirect

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19
Q

spread of respiratory secretions that settles on surfaces

A

DROPLET TRANSMISSION

20
Q

Microbes remain suspended in the air for prolonged period

A

AIR-BORNE TRANSMISSION

21
Q

example of vehicle transmission

A

( water, food, blood)

22
Q

Occurs when intermediate carriers transfer the microbes to another living organism.

A

Vector - borne Transmission

23
Q

the agent develops &/or propagates within the vector.

A

Biological Transmission

24
Q

simple transfer of agents from one infected host or contaminated substrate to a susceptible host

A

Mechanical Transmission

25
Q

transmission from parent to offspring via the ovaries.

A

Transovarial or Transovarian

26
Q

Way infectious agents get into the next host

A

PORTAL OF ENTRY

27
Q

Any person who is at risk of acquiring an infection. Can be an immunosuppressed patient with diabetes, surgery, burns & elderly patients.

A

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

28
Q

initial phase of the disease process before symptoms become apparent & the pathogen is actively replicating.

A

INCUBATION PERIOD

29
Q

numbers of the infectious agents start increasing & the immune system starts reacting & disease symptoms first become apparent.

A

PRODROMAL PERIOD

30
Q

characterized by active replication or multiplication of the pathogen & its numbers peak exponentially, quite often in a very short period of time. Symptoms are specific to the organ affected.

A

PERIOD OF ILLNESS

31
Q

the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, & signs & symptoms of illness begin to decline.

A

PERIOD OF DECLINE

32
Q

Patient recovers gradually & returns to normal but may continue to be a source of infection even if feeling better.

A

PERIOD OF CONVALESCENCE

33
Q

Transmission occurs, but number of cases remains constant.

A

ENDEMIC

34
Q

Number of cases increases.

A

EPIDEMIC

35
Q

When epidemic occurs at several continents –global epidemic.

A

PANDEMIC

36
Q

techniques used to prevent the spread of infection. Isolation precautions should be followed according to illness

A

ISOLATION SYSTEM

37
Q

“Universal Precautions” applied to all clients in any health care setting, regardless of their presumed infection diagnosis.

These PRECAUTIONS APPLY whenever there is potential possibility of contact with:
A. Blood
B. Body fluids, secretions & excretions (except sweat)
C. Mucous membrane
D. Breaks in skin (Non-intact skin)

A

STANDARD PRECAUTION

38
Q

Transmission of droplets
droplet particles (>5 - 10 μm in diameter) containing microorganism.

A

DROPLET PRECAUTION-

39
Q

additional infection control precautions in health care, & latest routine prevention & control practices applied for patients who are known suspected to be infected or colonized with infectious agents.

A

TRANSMISSION BASED PRECAUTIONS

40
Q

may be spread through sneezing, coughing spraying of liquids, spread of dust or any activity that results in the generation of aerosolized particles.

A

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS

41
Q

microorganisms are transmitted by small particle droplets that can remain suspended & become widely dispersed by air currents.

A

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS

42
Q

reduce the risk of infection for immune compromised patient.

A

PROTECTIVE PRECAUTIONS

43
Q

Prevent infection for people whose resistance to infection & body defenses are lowered or compromised.

A

PROTECTIVE PRECAUTIONS

44
Q

measures to implement infection control through isolation; prevent contagious diseases from avoiding contact with patient’s body fluids, by means of wearing PPE

A

ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS

45
Q

Limitation of the freedom of movement of persons or animals which have been exposed to a communicable disease for a period of time equivalent to the longest incubation period of that disease.

A

QUARANTINE

46
Q

Strict isolation imposed to prevent the spread of disease by separation of people reasonably believed to have been exposed to a communicable disease but not yet symptomatic, from others who have not been exposed, to prevent possible spread of a communicable disease.

A

Community Quarantine

Med (37 decks)

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