CDN (INTRO) Flashcards
An illness due to an infectious agent or its toxic products which is transmitted to a person or animal directly or indirectly via of an intermediate animal host (vector), vehicle ( water, food, blood) or inanimate environment
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
Diseases that can be easily transmitted from person to person
CONTAGIOUS
Are those disease not transmitted by ordinary contact but require a direct inoculation through a break in the previously intact skin or mucous membrane
INFECTIOUS
Microorganisms that are capable of causing an infection.
CAUSATIVE AGENT
ability to invade & multiply within the host
Virulence
the ability of a microorganism to cause a disease
Pathogenicity
Replicate the host
Colonization
Adhere to the host
Adherence
Gain access to the host
Poor sanitation (Contamination)
Invade tissues
Invasion
are produced or other agents that cause host harm (tissue damage)
Toxins
habitat where organism survives & multiplies
RESERVOIR
the means of exit of the microorganisms from the reservoir. Can be droplets, excretions, secretions & break in skin.
PORTAL OF EXIT
The organism transmitted from one host to the next host. Can be contact, droplets & airborne
MODES OF TRANSMISSION
is a common mode for gastrointestinal pathogens.
Hand-to-mouth
through physical contact.
CONTACT TRANSMISSION
person-to-person
Direct
from fomites - contaminated object
Indirect
spread of respiratory secretions that settles on surfaces
DROPLET TRANSMISSION
Microbes remain suspended in the air for prolonged period
AIR-BORNE TRANSMISSION
example of vehicle transmission
( water, food, blood)
Occurs when intermediate carriers transfer the microbes to another living organism.
Vector - borne Transmission
the agent develops &/or propagates within the vector.
Biological Transmission
simple transfer of agents from one infected host or contaminated substrate to a susceptible host
Mechanical Transmission
transmission from parent to offspring via the ovaries.
Transovarial or Transovarian
Way infectious agents get into the next host
PORTAL OF ENTRY
Any person who is at risk of acquiring an infection. Can be an immunosuppressed patient with diabetes, surgery, burns & elderly patients.
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
initial phase of the disease process before symptoms become apparent & the pathogen is actively replicating.
INCUBATION PERIOD
numbers of the infectious agents start increasing & the immune system starts reacting & disease symptoms first become apparent.
PRODROMAL PERIOD
characterized by active replication or multiplication of the pathogen & its numbers peak exponentially, quite often in a very short period of time. Symptoms are specific to the organ affected.
PERIOD OF ILLNESS
the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, & signs & symptoms of illness begin to decline.
PERIOD OF DECLINE
Patient recovers gradually & returns to normal but may continue to be a source of infection even if feeling better.
PERIOD OF CONVALESCENCE
Transmission occurs, but number of cases remains constant.
ENDEMIC
Number of cases increases.
EPIDEMIC
When epidemic occurs at several continents –global epidemic.
PANDEMIC
techniques used to prevent the spread of infection. Isolation precautions should be followed according to illness
ISOLATION SYSTEM
“Universal Precautions” applied to all clients in any health care setting, regardless of their presumed infection diagnosis.
These PRECAUTIONS APPLY whenever there is potential possibility of contact with:
A. Blood
B. Body fluids, secretions & excretions (except sweat)
C. Mucous membrane
D. Breaks in skin (Non-intact skin)
STANDARD PRECAUTION
Transmission of droplets
droplet particles (>5 - 10 μm in diameter) containing microorganism.
DROPLET PRECAUTION-
additional infection control precautions in health care, & latest routine prevention & control practices applied for patients who are known suspected to be infected or colonized with infectious agents.
TRANSMISSION BASED PRECAUTIONS
may be spread through sneezing, coughing spraying of liquids, spread of dust or any activity that results in the generation of aerosolized particles.
AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS
microorganisms are transmitted by small particle droplets that can remain suspended & become widely dispersed by air currents.
AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS
reduce the risk of infection for immune compromised patient.
PROTECTIVE PRECAUTIONS
Prevent infection for people whose resistance to infection & body defenses are lowered or compromised.
PROTECTIVE PRECAUTIONS
measures to implement infection control through isolation; prevent contagious diseases from avoiding contact with patient’s body fluids, by means of wearing PPE
ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS
Limitation of the freedom of movement of persons or animals which have been exposed to a communicable disease for a period of time equivalent to the longest incubation period of that disease.
QUARANTINE
Strict isolation imposed to prevent the spread of disease by separation of people reasonably believed to have been exposed to a communicable disease but not yet symptomatic, from others who have not been exposed, to prevent possible spread of a communicable disease.
Community Quarantine
