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Med > FINALS - NCMB 312 (Com. Disease & Immunization) > Flashcards

FINALS - NCMB 312 (Com. Disease & Immunization) Flashcards

1
Q

An illness due to a specific infectious agent or its toxic products that arises through transmission of that agent directly or indirectly to well person

A

Communicable Disease

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2
Q

spread by direct contact w/ infectious agents causing the disease and easily transmitted from 1 person to another through direct or indirect means

A

Contagious disease

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3
Q

disease not only by ordinary contact but requires direct inoculation of organism through a break on the skin or mucous membrane

A

Infectious disease

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4
Q

is intermittent occurrence of few isolated unrelated cases in given locality disease occurs occasionally irregularly, no specific pattern

A

Sporadic disease

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5
Q

continuous occur throughout a period of time, of usual number of cases in a given locality, constantly present in population, community or country

A

Endemic disease

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6
Q

occurrence is of unusually large number of cases in a relatively short period of time

A

Epidemic disease

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7
Q

an epidemic disease that occur worldwide, simultaneous occurrence of epidemic of same disease in several countries

A

Pandemic disease

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8
Q

develops rapidly (rapid onset) but lasts only a short time

A

Acute disease

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9
Q

which develops more slowly but lasts for a long period

A

Chronic disease

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10
Q

which is the intermediate between acute and chronic, develops rapidly and has long duration with the examples of bacterial endocarditis

A

Sub-acute disease

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11
Q

with causative agent remains inactive for a time but then becomes active to produce symptoms of the disease, an infection held in check by the defensive forces of the body but activated when the body resistance is reduced

A

Latent disease

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12
Q

is the reappearance of symptoms after infectious disease has been treated or subsided and renewed presence of same infectious agent.

A

Recurrent infection

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13
Q

which after an initial infectious agent has been eliminated, a new infection occurs caused by the same organism or by another strain of same species

A

Re-infection

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14
Q

happens during period of the illness,
additional infection occurs by another infectious agent.

A

Super-infection

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15
Q

in which the infected person is his own direct source of reexposure.

A

Autoinfection

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16
Q

extends from entry of microorganism to body to onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms

A

Incubation period

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17
Q

extends from the onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to the appearance of specific signs
and symptoms which are the cardinal or the pathognomonic signs

A

Prodromal period

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18
Q

which the host experiences maximum impact of infectious process and specific signs and
symptoms develop and become evident.

A

Illness period

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19
Q

is a recovery period as
manifestations subside and signs and symptoms start to abate until the client returns to normal state of health.

A

Convalescent period

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20
Q

“Law on Reporting of
Communicable Diseases”

  • to protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among them
A

RA No. 11332

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21
Q

form of viruses, bacteria, fungus, parasite and protozoa

A

Infectious agent

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22
Q

its ability to produce disease

A

pathogenicity

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23
Q

its severity or harmfulness

A

degree of virulence

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24
Q

its tendency to spread.

A

invasiveness

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25
Q

is the principal habitat in which a pathogen lives, flourishes and is able to multiply

A

Reservoir

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26
Q

someone is infected and is displaying signs and symptoms of the disease

A

Acute clinical cases

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27
Q

someone has been colonized with an infectious agent but is not unwell.

A

Carriers

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28
Q

people who are infectious even
before their own symptoms start

A

Incubatory carriers

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29
Q

in which an individual is able to
transmit an infection to others, without ever developing the infection themselves

A

Inapparent carriers

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30
Q

people who are in the
recovery phase of their illness but who continue to be infectious

A

Convalescent carriers

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31
Q

anyone who has recovered but who
continues to be a carrier for infection

A

Chronic carriers

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32
Q

enables a pathogen to leave the reservoir or host

A

Portal of exit

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33
Q

how an infectious agent can be transferred from one person, object, or animal, to another

A

Mode of transmission

34
Q

direct contact with the infectious agent

A

direct transmission

35
Q

through animate mechanisms such as
fleas, ticks, flies or mosquitoes or via inanimate
mechanisms such as food, water, biological
products or surgical instruments

A

Indirect transmission

36
Q

which an infection is able to enter a susceptible
host inhalation

A

Portal of entry

37
Q

final and the most important link in the chain of
infection

A

Susceptible host

38
Q

The causative agent of a disease so modified as to be
incapable of producing the disease yet at the same time
so little changed that it is able, when introduced into the body, to elicit production of specific antibodies against
the disease

A

Vaccines

39
Q

study of living
organisms

A

Immunology

40
Q

the body’s specific protective response to an
invading foreign agent or organism

A

Immunity

41
Q

process by which vaccines are introduced into the
body before the infection sets in

A

Immunization

42
Q

is the reverse of immunity and the result of the
suppression of factors that produces immunity

A

Susceptibility

43
Q

are antibodies defends against foreign invaders and the type of defense they will be using depends on the
structure

A

Immunoglobulin

44
Q

refer to the foreign substances which elicit an immune response.

A

Antigens

45
Q

three (3) functions of immune response

A

homeostasis
defense
surveillance

46
Q

is a specific immunity develops after birth;
acquired during life but not present at birth and occurs after exposure to an antigen like infectious agent

A

Acquired Immunity

47
Q

which the host produces its own antibodies in response
to natural antigen and these antibodies produced by
himself with long term effectivity

A

Active immunity

48
Q

are antibodies that are produced by another source,
animal or human given to the individual with long term
effectivity and has immediate protection

A

Passive immunity

49
Q

is an immunity from a recovery of a disease has lifetime protection and antibodies are formed
in the presence of active infection in the body.

A

Active natural immunity

50
Q

is coming from antigens like toxoids or vaccines that can be live
attenuated or inactivated vaccines

A

Active artificial immunity

51
Q

coming from a transplacental transfer of antibodies

A

Passive natural immunity

52
Q

coming from Immune serum (antibody) from an animal or
another human is injected

A

Passive artificial immunity

53
Q

other term for b cells

A

Antibody-Mediated Defenses
Humoral (Circulating Immunity)

54
Q

other term for t cells

A

Cell-Mediated Defenses
Cellular Immunity,

55
Q

detects the infection and initiates T-cell and B-cell responses.

A

Helper T-cells

56
Q

is a is a T lymphocyte that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected particularly with
viruses.

A

cytotoxic T cell

57
Q

is a type of immune cell that blocks the actions
of some other types of lymphocytes, to keep the immune system
from becoming overactive

A

Suppressor T cell

58
Q

first proliferated to fight the infection and the memory cells mainly
located in the lymphoid organs and spleen.

A

Memory T cells

59
Q

is a viricidal protein which is capable of activating other components of the immune system

A

Interferon

60
Q

most abundant immunoglobulin in serum (about 80% of the total serum immunoglobulin)

A

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

61
Q

major roles in bloodborne and tissue infections and
enhances phagocytosis; crosses placenta during gestation

A

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

62
Q

is the chief Ig in external secretions like breastmilk, saliva, tears,
and mucus of the bronchial, genitourinary and digestive tracts; plays a major role in secretory immune response;

A

Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

63
Q

is the second most abundant antibody; the largest of the immunoglobulin and
appears mostly in the intravascular serum

A
64
Q

it is the first antibody noted
after antigen injection in an adult

first Ig class produced in primary response to bacterial and viral
infections

first Ig to be synthesized by the neonate; and the first antibody to go on the site.

A

Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

65
Q

triggers the release of histamine; mediates the immediate hypersensitivity reactions that are responsible for the symptoms of hay fever, asthma and anaphylactic shock

A

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

66
Q

is a regulatory antibody; an antigen receptor of B cells;

appears in small amount in serum with it biologic function is unknown

A

Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

67
Q

Launched in July 1976 by DOH in cooperation with the
World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF to ensure
that infants/children and mothers have access to
routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines

A

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

68
Q

“Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011

A

RA No. 10152

69
Q

designated immunization day in all parts of
the country

A

Wednesday

70
Q

NIP

A

National Immunization Program

71
Q

Vaccines given at birth

A

BCG
HBV

72
Q

Vaccines given at 6 weeks

A

DTwP
HIB
HEPB
IPV/OPV
PCV
ROTAVIRUS VACCINE

73
Q

Vaccines given at 6 months

A

Influenza vaccine

74
Q

Vaccines given at 9 months

A

Japanese vaccine
Measles vaccine (MCV1)

75
Q

Vaccines given at 12 months

A

MMR
VARICELLA VACCINE
HEPA A VACCINE

76
Q

Vaccines given at 9 yrs old

A

HPV

77
Q

Vaccine given PO

A

OPV
ROTAVIRUS VACCINE

78
Q

Vaccine given SC

A

Influenza Vacc (IM/SC)
MCV 1 - MV
MCV 2 - MMR
JEV
Varicella Virus

79
Q

vaccine most sensitive to heat

A

OPV
MEASLES

80
Q

Vaccine most sensitive to cold

A

HEPA B
DPT
TT

81
Q

Vaccine most sensitive to sunlight and fluorescent light

A

BCG

Med (21 decks)

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