CDN (RESPI INFECTION - PART 2) Flashcards
An infectious disease that primarily affects the lung parenchyma.
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Pulmonary tuberculosis
syn:
ca:
mot:
incu:
syn: Koch’s disease, phthisis,
galloping consumption, tb
ca: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis
mot: Droplet infection, Cow’s Milk containing M. bovis
incu: 4-12 weeks (2-10 weeks in some)
s/sx of pulmonary tuberculosis
- cough
- afternoon fever
- weight loss
- blood stained sputum
- night sweats
dx test for tuberculosis
- chest xray
- tuberculin testing
- AFB SMEAR- Sputum smear
Category 1 -
Category 2 -
Category 3 -
Category 1 - 6 mos.
Category 2 - 8 mos.
Category 3 - 4 mons.
how many wks before pt with tuberculosis is no longer contagious
2-4 weeks
drug tx for tb
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Streptomycin
contraindicated nursing care for ptb:
Chest Clapping
Inflammation of the alveoli and terminal airspaces in response to invasion by an infectious agent that is introduced into the lungs through hematogenous spread or inhalation
PNEUMONIA
PNEUMONIA
syn:
ca:
mot:
incu:
syn:
ca: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Enterobacter species, Escherichia coli, h.
mot: droplet infection, indirect contact
incu: 1-3 day
pneumonia occuring in the community < 48 hrs of hospital admission
community acquired
non hospitalized pt with extensive health care contact
health care associated
> 48 hrs after hospital admission that did not appear to be incubating at the time of admission
hospital acquired
develops > 48hrs after endotracheal tube intubation
ventilator associated
pathognomonic sign of pneumonia
Rusty or prune juice sputum
s/sx of pneumonia
- Dyspnea
- inc. RR, shallow
- Stabbing chest pain when coughing
- Cyanosis
- Fever
- Productive cough
- Rusty or prune juice sputum-
dx test for pneumonia
Sputum culture
Bronchoscopy
Radiography
drug tx for pneumonia
procaine penicillin
(amoxicilin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, co amoxiclav)
dx test for pneumonia
sputum exam
chest x-ray
Acute pharyngitis, acute nasopharyngitis or acute laryngitis characterized by the formation of pseudomembrane
DIPHTHERIA
diptheria
syn:
ca:
mot:
incu:
syn: whooping cough
ca: Corynebacterium diptheriae or the Klebs- Loeffler Bacillus
mot: Respiratory droplets
incu: 2-5 days
pathognomonic sign of diptheria
Dirty gray-white rubbery membrane over tonsils and back of the throat
s/sx of diptheria
- Cervical lymph nodes are swollen
- Sorethroat
- Sero- sanguinous secretion with a “foul mousy”odor
- Hoarseness of voice, loss of voice (aphonia)
- Difficulty in breathing, chest indrawing
- Brassy metallic cough; dry, husky cough (croup)
dx test for diptheria
- Nose and throat swab /culture
- Schick Test
- Moloney’s test
clinical management for diptheria
Neutralize toxin
Antibiotics- Penicillin
Tracheostomy
pertusis
syn:
ca:
mot:
incu:
syn: Whooping cough
ca: Hemophilus pertussis, Bordetella pertussis
mot: Nasopharyngeal secretions; Droplet
incu: 7 to 21 days
clinical manifestations of pertusis
catarrhal - highly contagious
(colds, cough, fever)
spasmodic/ paraxysmal - whooping cough
convalescence - revovery
dx test for pertussis
Bordet –Gengou Agar plate
drug tx for pertussis
Erythromycin, Penicillin
mumps
syn:
ca:
mot:
incu:
syn: Viral Parotitis, Epidemic Parotitis and Infectious Parotitis
ca: Paramyxovirus
mot: RESPIRATORY DROPLETS, indirect contact with objects contaminated with secretions.
incu: 14 to 25 days
PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN of mumps
swollen salivary glands
clinical manifestation of mumps
- Pain in the swollen salivary glands on one or both sides of the face;
- Pain while chewing or swallowing;
- Low-grade fever;
- Headache;
- Earache;
- Muscle aches;
- Loss of appetite; and
- Dysphagia
dx test for mumps
- Viral Isolation
- Blood Exam
- Viral Serology
- Serum Amylase
- Determination Test
Insertion of a needle into the pleural space to remove fluid that has accumulated and decrease pressure on lung tissue; may also be used to diagnose potential causes of pleural effusion
THORACENTESIS
