OB (PART 1) Flashcards
occurs with physical and psychological stimulation causing parasympathetic nerve stimulation causing vasocongestion in genitals
Excitement
is reached just before orgasm
Plateau
occurs when stimulation proceeds through the plateau stage, sudden discharges accumulated sexual tension
Orgasm
is a 30-minute period during which the external and internal genital organs return to an unaroused state
Resolution
Men
- muscle contractions surrounding the seminal vessels and prostate project semen into the proximal urethra.
- Propulsive ejaculatory contractions
Orgasm
Women
- clitoris is drawn forward and retracts under the clitoral prepuce.
- The lower part of the vagina becomes extremely congested (formation of the orgasmic
platform). - Increased nipple elevation
Plateau
Men
- penile erection occurs
- scrotal thickening and
elevation of the testes - increase in increase VS
Excitement
Men
- vasocongestion leads to
distention of the penis. - Heart rate increases to 100 to 175 beats per minute and respiratory rate to approximately 40 respirations per minute.
Plateau
Women
- A vigorous contraction of
muscles in the pelvic area - Expels or dissipates blood and fluid from the area of congestion
Orgasm
3 assessment to subfertility investigation:
- Semen analysis
- Ovulation monitoring
- Tubal patency
eggs are placed into a thin flexible tube (catheter) along with the sperm to be used. the gametes (both eggs and sperm) are then injected into the fallopian tubes using a laparoscopy
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
the union of sperm and ovum under laboratory conditions
In-vitro fertilization (IVF)
first 2 weeks, beginning with
fertilization
preembryonic
weeks 3 through 8
embryonic
from week 8 through birth
fetal
the union of an ovum and a
spermatozoa
Fertilization
OVA life span
24 hours
Sperm life span
48 -72 hours
from ovulation and fertilization
ovum
from fertilization to implantation
zygote
from implantation to 5-8 weeks
embryo
from 5-8 weeks until term
fetus
developing embryo or fetus and placental structures throughout pregnancy
conceptus
the earliest age at which fetuses could survive if they were born at that time, generally accepted as 24 weeks or fetuses weighing more than 400g
age of viability
zygote migrates over the
next 3 to 4 days toward the
body of the uterus “ morula”
Implantation
Three parts of decidua:
- Decidua basalis
- Decidua capsularis
- Decidua vera
what day chorionic
villi is formed?
11th or 12th day
It reach out from the single layer of cells into the uterine endometrium to begin formation of the placenta.
chorionic villi
At _____ weeks, the blastocyst is splitting into an embryo and placenta
4
At week ____ placenta takes over from a structure known as the corpus luteum
10-12
smooth chorion eventually becomes the chorionic membrane
Amniotic Membranes
form the sac that contains the amniotic fluid
Amniotic Membranes
Increased amniotic fluid
Hydramnios
reduction in the amount of
amniotic fluid
Oligohydramnios
transport oxygen and nutrients to the fetus from the placenta and to return waste products from the fetus to the placenta.
Umbilical Cord
The bulk of the cord is a gelatinous mucopolysaccharide called
Wharton’s jelly
first systems to become functional in intrauterine life.
Cardiovascular System
Formation starts as early as
16th day
Heart beats as early as the
24th day
Can be heard in doppler
10th to 12th week
FHT is audible using Stethoscope
End of 16th week
when the sympathetic nervous system has matured, the heart rate begins to show a baseline
variability of about 5 BPM
28th week
Alveoli and capillaries begin to form between the
24th and 28th weeks
a phospholipid substance, is formed and excreted by the alveolar cells at about the 24th week of pregnancy
Surfactant
when does Nervous System develop?
3rd and 4th weeks of IUL
will form the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
neural tube
which will develop into the peripheral nervous system
neural crest
cause of neural tube defects?
- Lack of folic acid
- Genetics
EDD or EDC
38 to 42 weeks
Symphysis pubis =
Umbilicus =
Xiphoid process =
Symphysis pubis = 12 weeks
Umbilicus = 20 weeks
Xiphoid process = 36 weeks
Fetal movement that can be felt by the mother
quickening
how many fetal movement from 18 to 20 weeks of pregnancy?
at least 10 times a day
how many fetal movement from 28 to 38 weeks of pregnancy?
10–12 times an hour
Attach an external fetal heart rate monitor abdominally. Record for 20 min
Rhythm Strip Testing
normal fht
120-16- bpm
measures the response of the fetal heart rate to fetal movement
nonstress test
no increase in beats per minute is noticeable on fetal movement
poor oxygen perfusion
fetal heart rate is analyzed in conjunction with contractions
Contraction Stress Testing
if no fetal heart rate decelerations are present with
contractions.
Negative (normal)
if 50% or more of contractions cause a late deceleration
Positive (abnormal)
Diagnose pregnancy as early as 6 weeks’ AOG. Confirm the presence, size, and location of the placenta and
amniotic fluid. Establish the presentation and position of the fetus
Ultrasonography
aspiration of amniotic fluid
Amniocentesis
Increased alpha-Fetoprotein =
anencephaly, myelomeningocele
Pregnancy: Presumptive Signs
- Nausea, vomiting
- Amenorrhea
- Quickening
- Linea nigra
- Melasma
- Striae gravidarum
Pregnancy: Probable Signs
- Serum laboratory test
- Chadwick’s sign
- Goodell’s sign
- Hegar’s sign
- Ballottement
- Braxton Hicks
Pregnancy: Positive Signs
*FHT
*Fetal movements felt by an examiner
*Visualization of the fetus by ultrasound
number of pregnancies including present pregnancy
Gravida
Number of pregnancies that have reached viability, regardless of whether the infants were born alive
Para
Number of full-term infants born (infants born at 37 weeks or after)
- Term
Number of preterm infants born (infants born before 37 weeks)
Preterm
Number of spontaneous miscarriages or therapeutic abortions
Abortion
Number of living children
Living
Multiple pregnancies
Multiple
