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2nd Time Through > Repro DZ > Flashcards

Repro DZ Flashcards

1
Q

Baby born with renal damage. Mother on what drug?

A

ACE inhibitor

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2
Q

Baby born without fingers. Mother on what drug?

A

Alkylating agent

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3
Q

Baby born with cranial nerve 8 toxicity (ototixicity). Mother took what drug?

A

Aminoglycosides

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4
Q

Baby born with neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia. Mother taking what drug?

A

Carbamazepine

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5
Q

Baby born with vaginal clear cell carcinoma and congenital Mullarian anomalies. Mother on what drug?

A

Diethylstilbestrol

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6
Q

Baby born with atrialized right ventricle. What drug was mother taking

A

Li

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7
Q

Baby born with microcephaly, cardiac defects, craniofacial defects, hypoplastic nails, and mental retardation. What drug was mother taking?

A

Phenytoin

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8
Q

Baby born with flipper limbs. What drug was mother taking

A

Thalidomide

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9
Q

Drugs that can cause neural tube defects?

A

Valproate, carbamazepine, alcohol folate antagonists

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10
Q

Baby born with bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, and ophthalmologic abnormalities. What drug was mother taking?

A

Warfarin

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11
Q

Drug that could lead to placental abruption?

A

Cocaine

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12
Q

Drug that can lead to preterm labor, placental problems and ADHD?

A

Cigarettes

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13
Q

Maternal diabetes can lead to what embryological defect?

A

Anal atresia, transposition of great vessels, neural tube defects, Polyhydramnios

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14
Q

Vitamin that can lead to spontaneous abortions and birth defects?

A

Vitamin A

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15
Q

While pregnant, mother gets x-rays. Effect on child?

A

Microcephaly, mental retardation

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16
Q

Newborn presents with mental retardation, facial abnormalities, limb dislocation, and heart and lung fistulas. Mother was taking what drug?

A

Alcohol

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17
Q

Tall male with gynecomastia presents for infertility workup. Lab findings?

A

Klinefelter syndrome. Decreased inhibin and decreased testosterone

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18
Q

Patient presents with horseshoe kidney and short stature

A

Turner syndrome

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19
Q

Patient presents with severe acne and antisocial behavior. Very tall. Fertility?

A

Double Y males. Normal fertility

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20
Q

Primary hypogonadism versus Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

A

Problem in testis versus problem in brain

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21
Q

Patient with female external genitals but with internal testes. most common cause?

A

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

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22
Q

Patient with ovaries but male external genitalia. Cause?

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia or exogenous administration of androgens during pregnancy

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23
Q

Female patient presents with amenorrhea, fully developed secondary sexual characteristics, normal height and weight.

A

Malaria agenesis or imperforate hymen

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24
Q

Patient with normal female genitalia. no uterus or Fallopian tubes. Increase testosterone estrogen and LH

A

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

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25
Q

Patient with ambiguous genitalia until puberty

A

5a-reductase deficiency

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26
Q

Patient presents with no secondary sexual characteristics and can’t smell.

A

Kallmann syndrome. Defective migration of GnRH cells and formation of olfactory bulb

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27
Q

Snowstorm appearance on sonogram. Genetics?

A

Complete mole. 46 XX, 46XY

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28
Q

Treatment of hydatidiform moles.

A

Methotrexate and D/C

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29
Q

Increased beta hCG with what type of mole

A

Complete mole

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30
Q

Five year old child with grape like mass protruding from genitals. Stain with?

A

Embryo rhabdomyosarcoma. Stains positive for Desmin And myoglobin.

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31
Q

Patient comes in with jaundice elevated liver enzymes and low platelets.

A

HELLP syndrome.

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32
Q

Patient with the eclampsia death by? Tx?

A

Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS. Magnesium sulfate

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33
Q

Patient presents with painful bleeding in third trimester. Risk factors?

A

Placental abruption
Smoking
hypertension
cocaine use

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34
Q

Patient has massive bleeding after delivery

A

Placenta accreta

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35
Q

Patient comes in with recurrent first trimester abortions

A

Robertsonian translocations

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36
Q

Patient comes in with the attachment of placenta to the lower uterine segment. Risk factors?

A

Multiparity and prior C-section

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37
Q

Most common cause of polyhydramnios?

A

Esophageal or duodenal atresia

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38
Q

Causes of oligohydramnios

A

Placental insufficiency
bilateral renal agenesis
Posterior urethral valve problems

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39
Q

Patient with HPV. Gets dysplasia carcinoma in situ. What genes caused this?

A

E6 - inhibits p53

E7 - inhibits RB

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40
Q

Female patient presents with renal failure. Koilocytes are found in cervix.

A

Invasive carcinoma

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41
Q

Patient with retained products of conception following delivery. Treat with?

A

Endometritis. Gentamicin and clindamycin

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42
Q

Acute endometritis versus chronic endometritis

A

Fever, bleeding, pain
Vs
Plasma cells, PID, infertility

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43
Q

Patient with severe menstrual pain, painful intercourse, presents for infertility. Treatment?

A

Endometriosis. OCP, NSAIDs, leuprolide, danazol

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44
Q

Endometrium within myometrium. Treatment?

A

Adenonyosis. Hysterectomy

45
Q

Female patient presents with unilateral lesion in lower vestibule adjacent to the vaginal canal

A

Bartholin’s cyst

46
Q

Email patient presents with leukoplakia with thin vulvar skin? Associated with what cancer?

A

Lichen sclerosis. SCC

47
Q

Patient presents with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Not cancerous. Monitor?

A

Endometrial hyperplasia. Cellular atypia.

48
Q

60-year-old female presents with vaginal bleeding. Risk factors?

A

Endometrial CA. Estrogen without progestins, obesity, no children

49
Q

30-year-old female presents with Estrogen sensitive tumor. Histology?

A

Lieomyoma. Multiple White, whorly masses

50
Q

Perimenopausal woman presents with bleeding. Work up shows malignant tumor. Histology?

A

Leiomyosarcoma. Single tumor with necrosis and hemorrhage.

51
Q

Worst gynecological tumor? Gynecological tumor with greatest incidence?

A

Ovarian. Endometrial

52
Q

Patient presents with signs of menopause before 40? Labs?

A

Premature ovarian failure. Low estrogen high LH, FSH

53
Q

Most common cause of anovulation?

A

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

54
Q

Female patient presents with infertility, obesity, and hirsutism. Treatment to decrease androgens? Treatment to treat acne and hirsutism? For pregnancy?

A

Polycystic ovarian syndrome. Medroxyprogesterone, Spironolactone, Clomiphene.

55
Q

Distention of unruptured graafian follicle?

A

Follicular cyst

56
Q

Cyst that can hemorrhage into corpus luteum. Outcome?

A

Corpus luteum cyst. Commonly regresses spontaneously.

57
Q

Bilateral cysts due to gonadotropin stimulation. Can lead to?

A

Theca-lutein cyst associated with choriocarcinoma and moles

58
Q

Dermoid cyst?

A

Mature teratoma

59
Q

Patient with cancer. increased hCG and LDH. Histo?

A

Dysgerminoma. Sheets of uniform cells.

60
Q

Patient with Turner syndrome is at risk for what cancer?

A

Dysgerminoma

61
Q

Patient presents with ovarian cancer that spreads hematogenously.

A

Choriocarcinoma

62
Q

Patient presents with ovarian tumor. Increased hCG. Malignancy of what?

A

Choriocarcinoma. Malignancy of trophoblast tissue.

63
Q

Patient comes in for gynecological exam. finds trophoblastic tissue and increased hCG but no chorionic villa.

A

Choriocarcinoma

64
Q

Patient with AFP secreting tumor. Histo?

A

Yolk sac tumor. Glomeruli like bodies.

65
Q

Struma Ovarii?

A

Immature teratoma that contains functional thyroid tissue

66
Q

Genetic risk factors for ovarian tumors?

A

BRCA1, BRCA2, HNPCC

67
Q

Patient with bilateral tumor with fallopian tube like epithelium

A

Serous cystadenoma

68
Q

Patient with multilocular cyst one by mucus secreting epithelium. resembles what type of tissue?

A

Mucinous cystadenoma. Resembles intestine tissue

69
Q

Pre-menopause ovarian non-germ cell tumors?

A

Serious cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma

70
Q

Female presents with solid tumor is pale yellow in color and appears encapsulated. Type of epithelium?

A

Brenner tumor. Uroepitheliun

71
Q

Patient presents, protuberant abdomen, and hydrothorax. Complains of pulling sensation in groin.

A

ovarian Fibroma

72
Q

Prepubertal female comes in with estrogens secreting tumor. Follicles consist of?

A

Granulosa cell tumor. Follicles filled with eosinophilic secretions.

73
Q

Ovarian tumor Histo shows large mucin secreting clear-cells.

A

Kruckenberg tumor

74
Q

Three-year-old presents with vaginal tumor. Histo? Stain?

A

Sarcoma borryoides. Variant of a rhabdomyosarcoma. Spindle-shaped tumor cells that are Desmin positive

75
Q

Patient presents with small mobile mass with distinct edges in breast. Notices fluctuations in growth. Age of presentation?

A

Fibroadenoma. Under 35 years of age.

76
Q

Patient presents with bloody nipple discharge. How to tell if it’s benign or malignant?

A

Likely benign Intraductal papilloma. Benign has both epithelial and myoepithelial cells present

77
Q

70 year old female presents with benign tumor in breast. Histo?

A

Phyllodes tumor. Connective tissue and cysts with leaf-like projections

78
Q

Patient presents with malignant breast tumor. Most important prognostic factor?

A

Axillary lymph node involvement

79
Q

Patient presents with tumor that fills ductile lumen. Does not invade. Center shows Caseous necrosis and calcifications

A

Comedocarcinoma. Subtype of DCI S.

80
Q

Very firm mass with sharp margins in breast. Histology shows glandular duct-like cells And stellate morphology

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

81
Q

Patient presents with breast mass. Histo shows orderly row of cells. Mech?

A

Invasive lobular carcinoma. No E-Cadherin.

82
Q

Patient presents with breast mass. Histology shows lymphocytic infiltrate. Infiltrate also described as? Gene associated?

A

Medullary carcinoma. Fleshy. BRCA1

83
Q

Patient presents with thick and discolored breast skin. Mech?

A

Inflammatory carcinoma. Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage

84
Q

Patient presents with eczematous patch on nipple?

A

Pagents disease of nipple

85
Q

Patient presents with both lytic and blastic bone lesions

A

Breast-cancer metastasis

86
Q

Patient presents with premenstrual breast pain, and bilateral breast lumps that fluctuate in size. Histology shows hyperplasia of Breast stroma.

A

Fibrosis From fibrocystic disease

87
Q

Patient presents with premenstrual breast pain, and bilateral breast lumps that fluctuate in size. Histology shows fluid filled blue dome. Also ductal dilation.

A

Cystic type of fibrocystic disease

88
Q

Patient presents with premenstrual breast pain, and bilateral breast lumps that fluctuate in size. Increased acini and intralobular fibrosis. Also see calcifications

A

Sclerosing adenosis type of Fibrocystic disease

89
Q

Patient presents with premenstrual breast pain, and bilateral breast lumps that fluctuate in size. Increased number of cells in terminal duct lobule

A

Epithelial hyperplasia type of fibrocystic disease

90
Q

New mother presents with breast abscess. Purulent nipple discharge. Treatment?

A

Acute mastitis. Usually causes by S aureus. Treat with dicloxacillin

91
Q

Male patient comes in with gynecomastia. Could be on these drugs?

A

Some drugs create awkward knockers.

Spironolactone
Digitalis
Cimetidine
Alcohol
Ketoconazole
92
Q

Patient presents with nipple retraction. Noncancerous cause?

A

Periductal mastitis

93
Q

Male patient presents with dysuria increased frequency increased urgency and lower back pain. An acute cause?

A

Prostatitis. E. coli

94
Q

Patient presents with BPH. Which lobes involved? Treatment?

A

Lateral and medial lobes involved. Treatment includes Finasteride and a1-antags

95
Q

Patient presents with homogenous testicular enlargement. Increased placental alkaline phosphatase

96
Q

Testicular mass. Histo shows clear cytoplasm and small dark nucleus.

97
Q

Male patient comes in with testicular mass, Increased hCG And gynecomastia.

A

Choriocarcinoma. Gynecomastia because hCG is an LH analog

98
Q

Male patient comes in with testicular mass. Histology shows glandular and papillary morphology. Common finding in Histo?

A

Embryonal carcinoma. Commonly mixed with other tumor types.

99
Q

Male patient comes in with testicular mass. Has gynecomastia and precocious puberty tumor is yellow brown in color

A

Leidig cell tumor

100
Q

Patient comes in with testicular tumor. Histology shows reinke crystals.

A

Leidig cell tumor

101
Q

Most common testicular cancer in old men. Cells?

A

Testicular lymphoma. B cells

102
Q

Male patient with white ulcerating and crusting lesion on penis

A

Bowen disease. Penile CIS

103
Q

Male patient presents with reddish-brown lesions on penis

A

Bowenoid papulosis. CIS

104
Q

Male patient presents with red shiny plaques on penis

A

Erythroplasia of queyrat. CIS

105
Q

Male patient presents with bent penis

A

Peyeonie’s disease

106
Q

Priapism associated with what disease? With what medications?

A

Sickle cell disease. Anticoagulants, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, antidepressants, cocaine, a-blockers

107
Q

Patient comes in with a persistent cervical sinus. Remnant of?

A

Branchial cleft

108
Q

Patient with mandibular hypoplasia and facial abnormalities. Cause?

A

Treacher-Collins syndrome. First branchial arch failure (neural crest fails to migrate)

109
Q

Patient with fistula between tonsillar area and cleft in lateral neck

A

Congenital pharyngeal cutaneous fistula (3rd arch failure)

2nd Time Through (23 decks)

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