Repro DZ Flashcards
1
Q
Baby born with renal damage. Mother on what drug?
A
ACE inhibitor
2
Q
Baby born without fingers. Mother on what drug?
A
Alkylating agent
3
Q
Baby born with cranial nerve 8 toxicity (ototixicity). Mother took what drug?
A
Aminoglycosides
4
Q
Baby born with neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia. Mother taking what drug?
A
Carbamazepine
5
Q
Baby born with vaginal clear cell carcinoma and congenital Mullarian anomalies. Mother on what drug?
A
Diethylstilbestrol
6
Q
Baby born with atrialized right ventricle. What drug was mother taking
A
Li
7
Q
Baby born with microcephaly, cardiac defects, craniofacial defects, hypoplastic nails, and mental retardation. What drug was mother taking?
A
Phenytoin
8
Q
Baby born with flipper limbs. What drug was mother taking
A
Thalidomide
9
Q
Drugs that can cause neural tube defects?
A
Valproate, carbamazepine, alcohol folate antagonists
10
Q
Baby born with bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, and ophthalmologic abnormalities. What drug was mother taking?
A
Warfarin
11
Q
Drug that could lead to placental abruption?
A
Cocaine
12
Q
Drug that can lead to preterm labor, placental problems and ADHD?
A
Cigarettes
13
Q
Maternal diabetes can lead to what embryological defect?
A
Anal atresia, transposition of great vessels, neural tube defects, Polyhydramnios
14
Q
Vitamin that can lead to spontaneous abortions and birth defects?
A
Vitamin A
15
Q
While pregnant, mother gets x-rays. Effect on child?
A
Microcephaly, mental retardation
16
Q
Newborn presents with mental retardation, facial abnormalities, limb dislocation, and heart and lung fistulas. Mother was taking what drug?
A
Alcohol
17
Q
Tall male with gynecomastia presents for infertility workup. Lab findings?
A
Klinefelter syndrome. Decreased inhibin and decreased testosterone
18
Q
Patient presents with horseshoe kidney and short stature
A
Turner syndrome
19
Q
Patient presents with severe acne and antisocial behavior. Very tall. Fertility?
A
Double Y males. Normal fertility
20
Q
Primary hypogonadism versus Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
A
Problem in testis versus problem in brain
21
Q
Patient with female external genitals but with internal testes. most common cause?
A
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
22
Q
Patient with ovaries but male external genitalia. Cause?
A
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia or exogenous administration of androgens during pregnancy
23
Q
Female patient presents with amenorrhea, fully developed secondary sexual characteristics, normal height and weight.
A
Malaria agenesis or imperforate hymen
24
Q
Patient with normal female genitalia. no uterus or Fallopian tubes. Increase testosterone estrogen and LH
A
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
25
Patient with ambiguous genitalia until puberty
5a-reductase deficiency
26
Patient presents with no secondary sexual characteristics and can't smell.
Kallmann syndrome. Defective migration of GnRH cells and formation of olfactory bulb
27
Snowstorm appearance on sonogram. Genetics?
Complete mole. 46 XX, 46XY
28
Treatment of hydatidiform moles.
Methotrexate and D/C
29
Increased beta hCG with what type of mole
Complete mole
30
Five year old child with grape like mass protruding from genitals. Stain with?
Embryo rhabdomyosarcoma. Stains positive for Desmin And myoglobin.
31
Patient comes in with jaundice elevated liver enzymes and low platelets.
HELLP syndrome.
32
Patient with the eclampsia death by? Tx?
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS. Magnesium sulfate
33
Patient presents with painful bleeding in third trimester. Risk factors?
Placental abruption
Smoking
hypertension
cocaine use
34
Patient has massive bleeding after delivery
Placenta accreta
35
Patient comes in with recurrent first trimester abortions
Robertsonian translocations
36
Patient comes in with the attachment of placenta to the lower uterine segment. Risk factors?
Multiparity and prior C-section
37
Most common cause of polyhydramnios?
Esophageal or duodenal atresia
38
Causes of oligohydramnios
Placental insufficiency
bilateral renal agenesis
Posterior urethral valve problems
39
Patient with HPV. Gets dysplasia carcinoma in situ. What genes caused this?
E6 - inhibits p53
| E7 - inhibits RB
40
Female patient presents with renal failure. Koilocytes are found in cervix.
Invasive carcinoma
41
Patient with retained products of conception following delivery. Treat with?
Endometritis. Gentamicin and clindamycin
42
Acute endometritis versus chronic endometritis
Fever, bleeding, pain
Vs
Plasma cells, PID, infertility
43
Patient with severe menstrual pain, painful intercourse, presents for infertility. Treatment?
Endometriosis. OCP, NSAIDs, leuprolide, danazol
44
Endometrium within myometrium. Treatment?
Adenonyosis. Hysterectomy
45
Female patient presents with unilateral lesion in lower vestibule adjacent to the vaginal canal
Bartholin's cyst
46
Email patient presents with leukoplakia with thin vulvar skin? Associated with what cancer?
Lichen sclerosis. SCC
47
Patient presents with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Not cancerous. Monitor?
Endometrial hyperplasia. Cellular atypia.
48
60-year-old female presents with vaginal bleeding. Risk factors?
Endometrial CA. Estrogen without progestins, obesity, no children
49
30-year-old female presents with Estrogen sensitive tumor. Histology?
Lieomyoma. Multiple White, whorly masses
50
Perimenopausal woman presents with bleeding. Work up shows malignant tumor. Histology?
Leiomyosarcoma. Single tumor with necrosis and hemorrhage.
51
Worst gynecological tumor? Gynecological tumor with greatest incidence?
Ovarian. Endometrial
52
Patient presents with signs of menopause before 40? Labs?
Premature ovarian failure. Low estrogen high LH, FSH
53
Most common cause of anovulation?
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
54
Female patient presents with infertility, obesity, and hirsutism. Treatment to decrease androgens? Treatment to treat acne and hirsutism? For pregnancy?
Polycystic ovarian syndrome. Medroxyprogesterone, Spironolactone, Clomiphene.
55
Distention of unruptured graafian follicle?
Follicular cyst
56
Cyst that can hemorrhage into corpus luteum. Outcome?
Corpus luteum cyst. Commonly regresses spontaneously.
57
Bilateral cysts due to gonadotropin stimulation. Can lead to?
Theca-lutein cyst associated with choriocarcinoma and moles
58
Dermoid cyst?
Mature teratoma
59
Patient with cancer. increased hCG and LDH. Histo?
Dysgerminoma. Sheets of uniform cells.
60
Patient with Turner syndrome is at risk for what cancer?
Dysgerminoma
61
Patient presents with ovarian cancer that spreads hematogenously.
Choriocarcinoma
62
Patient presents with ovarian tumor. Increased hCG. Malignancy of what?
Choriocarcinoma. Malignancy of trophoblast tissue.
63
Patient comes in for gynecological exam. finds trophoblastic tissue and increased hCG but no chorionic villa.
Choriocarcinoma
64
Patient with AFP secreting tumor. Histo?
Yolk sac tumor. Glomeruli like bodies.
65
Struma Ovarii?
Immature teratoma that contains functional thyroid tissue
66
Genetic risk factors for ovarian tumors?
BRCA1, BRCA2, HNPCC
67
Patient with bilateral tumor with fallopian tube like epithelium
Serous cystadenoma
68
Patient with multilocular cyst one by mucus secreting epithelium. resembles what type of tissue?
Mucinous cystadenoma. Resembles intestine tissue
69
Pre-menopause ovarian non-germ cell tumors?
Serious cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma
70
Female presents with solid tumor is pale yellow in color and appears encapsulated. Type of epithelium?
Brenner tumor. Uroepitheliun
71
Patient presents, protuberant abdomen, and hydrothorax. Complains of pulling sensation in groin.
ovarian Fibroma
72
Prepubertal female comes in with estrogens secreting tumor. Follicles consist of?
Granulosa cell tumor. Follicles filled with eosinophilic secretions.
73
Ovarian tumor Histo shows large mucin secreting clear-cells.
Kruckenberg tumor
74
Three-year-old presents with vaginal tumor. Histo? Stain?
Sarcoma borryoides. Variant of a rhabdomyosarcoma. Spindle-shaped tumor cells that are Desmin positive
75
Patient presents with small mobile mass with distinct edges in breast. Notices fluctuations in growth. Age of presentation?
Fibroadenoma. Under 35 years of age.
76
Patient presents with bloody nipple discharge. How to tell if it's benign or malignant?
Likely benign Intraductal papilloma. Benign has both epithelial and myoepithelial cells present
77
70 year old female presents with benign tumor in breast. Histo?
Phyllodes tumor. Connective tissue and cysts with leaf-like projections
78
Patient presents with malignant breast tumor. Most important prognostic factor?
Axillary lymph node involvement
79
Patient presents with tumor that fills ductile lumen. Does not invade. Center shows Caseous necrosis and calcifications
Comedocarcinoma. Subtype of DCI S.
80
Very firm mass with sharp margins in breast. Histology shows glandular duct-like cells And stellate morphology
Invasive ductal carcinoma
81
Patient presents with breast mass. Histo shows orderly row of cells. Mech?
Invasive lobular carcinoma. No E-Cadherin.
82
Patient presents with breast mass. Histology shows lymphocytic infiltrate. Infiltrate also described as? Gene associated?
Medullary carcinoma. Fleshy. BRCA1
83
Patient presents with thick and discolored breast skin. Mech?
Inflammatory carcinoma. Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
84
Patient presents with eczematous patch on nipple?
Pagents disease of nipple
85
Patient presents with both lytic and blastic bone lesions
Breast-cancer metastasis
86
Patient presents with premenstrual breast pain, and bilateral breast lumps that fluctuate in size. Histology shows hyperplasia of Breast stroma.
Fibrosis From fibrocystic disease
87
Patient presents with premenstrual breast pain, and bilateral breast lumps that fluctuate in size. Histology shows fluid filled blue dome. Also ductal dilation.
Cystic type of fibrocystic disease
88
Patient presents with premenstrual breast pain, and bilateral breast lumps that fluctuate in size. Increased acini and intralobular fibrosis. Also see calcifications
Sclerosing adenosis type of Fibrocystic disease
89
Patient presents with premenstrual breast pain, and bilateral breast lumps that fluctuate in size. Increased number of cells in terminal duct lobule
Epithelial hyperplasia type of fibrocystic disease
90
New mother presents with breast abscess. Purulent nipple discharge. Treatment?
Acute mastitis. Usually causes by S aureus. Treat with dicloxacillin
91
Male patient comes in with gynecomastia. Could be on these drugs?
Some drugs create awkward knockers.
```
Spironolactone
Digitalis
Cimetidine
Alcohol
Ketoconazole
```
92
Patient presents with nipple retraction. Noncancerous cause?
Periductal mastitis
93
Male patient presents with dysuria increased frequency increased urgency and lower back pain. An acute cause?
Prostatitis. E. coli
94
Patient presents with BPH. Which lobes involved? Treatment?
Lateral and medial lobes involved. Treatment includes Finasteride and a1-antags
95
Patient presents with homogenous testicular enlargement. Increased placental alkaline phosphatase
Seminoma
96
Testicular mass. Histo shows clear cytoplasm and small dark nucleus.
Seminoma
97
Male patient comes in with testicular mass, Increased hCG And gynecomastia.
Choriocarcinoma. Gynecomastia because hCG is an LH analog
98
Male patient comes in with testicular mass. Histology shows glandular and papillary morphology. Common finding in Histo?
Embryonal carcinoma. Commonly mixed with other tumor types.
99
Male patient comes in with testicular mass. Has gynecomastia and precocious puberty tumor is yellow brown in color
Leidig cell tumor
100
Patient comes in with testicular tumor. Histology shows reinke crystals.
Leidig cell tumor
101
Most common testicular cancer in old men. Cells?
Testicular lymphoma. B cells
102
Male patient with white ulcerating and crusting lesion on penis
Bowen disease. Penile CIS
103
Male patient presents with reddish-brown lesions on penis
Bowenoid papulosis. CIS
104
Male patient presents with red shiny plaques on penis
Erythroplasia of queyrat. CIS
105
Male patient presents with bent penis
Peyeonie's disease
106
Priapism associated with what disease? With what medications?
Sickle cell disease. Anticoagulants, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, antidepressants, cocaine, a-blockers
107
Patient comes in with a persistent cervical sinus. Remnant of?
Branchial cleft
108
Patient with mandibular hypoplasia and facial abnormalities. Cause?
Treacher-Collins syndrome. First branchial arch failure (neural crest fails to migrate)
109
Patient with fistula between tonsillar area and cleft in lateral neck
Congenital pharyngeal cutaneous fistula (3rd arch failure)
