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2nd Time Through > Biochem - Metabolism > Flashcards

Biochem - Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Malate-aspartate shuttle vs glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle

A

Transport to Mito for Ox phos in heart/liver vs muscle. 32 vs 30 ATP produced

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2
Q

Metabolic Carriers of:

electrons, acyl groups, CO2, 1-carbon units, aldehydes?

A

ATP, NAD(P)H/FAD, CoA/Lipoamide, Biotin, Tetrahydrofolate, TTP

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3
Q

NAD vs NADPH

A

catabolic vs anabolic

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4
Q

NADPH used in?

A

Repiratory burst
P450
Glutathionereductase

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5
Q

Hexokinase vs glucokinase - Km, Vmax, affected by insulin? Inhibited by?

A

low Km, low Vmax, not induced by insulin, Inhibited by glucose 6-P
vs
high Km, low, Vmax, induced by insulin, Inhibited by Fructose 6-P

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6
Q

Alanine affects what reaction in glycolysis?

A

inhibits 1,3BPG to 3PG

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7
Q

cAMP affect on liver?

A

More cAMP when fasting - Liver starts pumping out glucose

1) increase gluconeogenesis (increases activation of FBPase-2)
2) increase glycogenolysis

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8
Q

Location of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? Cofactors? Activated by

A

Mito Matrix.
B1,2,3,5, Lipoic acid.
increased NAD, ADP, Ca

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9
Q

Why make Ala from pyruvate? Cofactor?

A

Takes amino groups out of cell, preventing a-ketoglutarate from being turned into glutamate/. B6

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10
Q

Pyruvate can form? (cofactors)

A

1 acetyl CoA (B1,2,3,5, Lipoic acid)
2 alanine (B6)
3 Oxaloacetate (B7)
4 Lactic acid (B3)

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11
Q

Cells with high lactic acid production?

A

RBCs, WBCs
Lens, Cornea
Testes
Kidney medulla

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12
Q

Fluroacetate?

A

Blocks aconitase (conversion of citrate to isocitrate)

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13
Q

Inhibitors of Ox Phos?

Uncoupling agents?

A 
Complex#:
1 - rotenone
2 - none
3 - antimycin
4(CytochromC) - cyanide/CO
5 - oligomycin

2,4-DNP and aspirin are uncoupling agents

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14
Q

Gluoneogensis. Location of irreversible enzymes?

A

Pyruvate carboxylase - Mito
PEP carboxykinase - cytosol
Fructose 1,6 biphosphatase - cytosol
glucose 6-phosphatase - SMOOTH ER

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15
Q

HMP shunt - most in what cells?

A

RBCs - glutathione
Mammary glands - anabolic synthesis
Liver/Adrenal CTX (FAS, steroid synthesis)

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16
Q

Nitroblue tetrazolium?

If positive, can still have deficiency in? (vulnerable to?)

A

stains blue in presence of NADPH oxidase.

MPO - RF for candida

17
Q

G6PD deficiency - good thing about it?

A

protective against malaria. Prevalent in blacks

18
Q

Urea cycle deficiency- diet? drugs?

A

no protein. Benzoate, pheylbutyrate

19
Q

Cori Cycle vs Alanine cycle?

A

Take Lactate vs NH3 to liver which converts it to pyruvate.

20
Q

PKU - malignant vs not?

A

no THB (can’t convert Phe AND Tyr) vs no phenylalanine hydroxylase

21
Q

Diabetics - why retinopathy, neuropathy, cateracts, nephropathy?

A

Sorbitol accumulation and no dehydrogenase to convert it to fuctose

22
Q

Essential AAs?

A 
PVT TIM HALL
proline
Valine
Threonine
Tryrosine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Arginine
Lysine
Leucine
23
Q

Glucogenic AAs?

A

Met, Val, His

24
Q

Acidic AAs?

A

glutamate, aspartate

25
Q

Basic AAs?

A

Arg, Lys, His (His has no charge at body pH)

26
Q

AAs that become essential for growth?

A

Arg, His

27
Q

AAs that are needed for histones?

A

Arg, lys (the positive ones)

28
Q

Urea cycle - why is NH4 bad?

A

converts a-ketoglu to glutamate, shutting down TCA

29
Q

Cystine?

A

2 cysteines connected by disulfate bond

30
Q

Glucagon/E on liver glycogen?

A

increases cAMP - PKA - activates Glycogen phosphorylase kinase - activates glycogen phosphorylase

31
Q

Glycogenolysis in muscle?

A

Ca-calmodulin activates glycogen phosphorylase kinase - activates glycogen phosphorylase

32
Q

Glycogen Storage Diseases:

A 
Very Poor CArbohydrate Metabolism (so don't eat HERShey's)
Von gierke's
Pompe's
Cori's
Anderson's
McArdle's
Her's
33
Q

Citrate vs carnitine shuttle?

A

Synthesis (“SYtrate) vs Breakdown (CARNage) for fatty acids

34
Q

1 gram, protein, carb and fat - energy?

A

4, 4, 9

35
Q

LCAT?

A

Esterification of cholesterol (makes it most fat soluble)

2nd Time Through (23 decks)

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