BioChem - Nutrition

Question 1

Vit A excess?

Answer 1

joint pain, alopecia

Question 2

Vit A used to treat?

Answer 2

orally: Measles and AML
topically: wrinkles and acne

Question 3

B1 - needed for?

Answer 3

ATP - a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases, transketolase and pryruvate dehydrogenase

Question 4

B2 - deficiency?

Answer 4

cheilosis and corneal vascularization

Question 5

B3 - made from? deficiency?

Answer 5

Tryptophan, B2 and B6

Diarrhea, dementia and dermatitis

Question 6

B5 - used for? Deficiency?

Answer 6

CoA. dermatitis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

Question 7

B6 - used to make?

Answer 7

cystathionine
heme
niacin
Ala
5HT, E, NE, GABA

Question 8

B6 - deficiency

Answer 8

convulsions, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemia

Question 9

B7 - used with what conversions?

Answer 9

Carboxylation
Pyruvate to oxalcoacetate
acetyl-CoA  to malonyl CoA
propionyl CoA to methylmalonyl-CoA
leucine to acetyl CoA

Question 10

B7 - deficiency?

Answer 10

dematitis, alopecia, lactic acidosis

Question 11

B9 - deficiency caused by what drugs?

Answer 11

B9=Folate:

Phenytoin, sulfonamides, MTX

Question 12

SAM used for?

Answer 12

1) NE to E

2) Regeneration of methionine

Question 13

Vit C - needed for?

Answer 13

1) collagen
2) Fe absorption
3) dopamine B-hydroxylase (DA to NE)

Question 14

Hemarthrosis caused by?

Answer 14

1) vit C deficiency

2) hemophilla A

Question 15

1 cause of Vit D deficiency?

Answer 15

chronic Renal failure

Question 16

Vit and Babies?

Answer 16

Supplement (not in breast milk)

Question 17

Vit E - functions?

Answer 17

1) protect cell membranes

2) neutrolizes oxidized LDL

Question 18

Vit E intake must be taken into account with what drug?

Answer 18

warfarin (synergistic)

Question 19

Vit K function?

Answer 19

GAMMA-CARBOXYLATION of glutamic acid (for clotting factors)

Question 20

Zinc deficiency?

Answer 20

hypogonads
loss of pubic/facial hair
dysguesia (loss of taste)
anosmia (loss of smell)

Question 21

Disulfiram?

Answer 21

inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetaldehyde from EtOH accumulates, causing misery in alcoholics)

Question 22

Fomepizole?

Answer 22

inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase. Antidote for methanol or ethelyene glycol poisoning

Question 23

How does EtOH cause hypoglycemia?

Answer 23

1) increases NADH (less free NAD for TCA),
2) pyruvate goes lactic acid and oxaloacetate foes to malate (no TCA)
3) inhibits gluconeogensis and stimulating FA synthesis
4) no TCA, so make ketones

Question 24

Chromate?

Answer 24

increases insuling sensitivity

Question 25

Copper

Answer 25

needed for lysyl oxidase (collagen)

Question 26

Selenium

Answer 26

needed for glutathione oxidase

Question 27

Fiber

Answer 27

absobs lipocolic acid in gut (carcinogen)

Question 28

Protein restricted diet for?

Answer 28

renal failure

Question 29

Any abnormal dysplasia of cells - vitamin deficiency?

Answer 29

A

Question 30

From what AA (and a cofactor if needed): Thyroxine

Answer 30

Phe/Tyro, BH4

Question 31

From what AA (and a cofactor if needed): Melanin

Answer 31

Phe/Tyrosine (via Dopa). BH4

Question 32

From what AA (and a cofactor if needed): Niacin

Answer 32

W, B6, B2

Question 33

From what AA (and a cofactor if needed): 5HT

Answer 33

W, BH4

Question 34

From what AA (and a cofactor if needed): Melatonin

Answer 34

W, BH4 (via 5HT)

Question 35

From what AA (and a cofactor if needed): Heme

Answer 35

Glycine, B6

Question 36

From what AA (and a cofactor if needed): Creatine

Answer 36

Arg + Glycine + SAM

Question 37

From what AA (and a cofactor if needed): pyrimidines

Answer 37

Glutamate + Asp

Question 38

From what AA (and a cofactor if needed): Purines

Answer 38

Glutamine + Asp + glycine

Question 39

From what AA (and a cofactor if needed): GABA

Answer 39

glutamate (B6)

Question 40

dihydropteridine (BH4) needed for

Answer 40

1 Phenylalanine to tyrosine
2 tyrosine to Dopa
3 W to 5HT

Question 41

Vit D - function?

Answer 41

Increases Ca and PO4 aborption from gut