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2nd Time Through > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Karyorrhexis

A

nuclear fragmentation

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2
Q

Intrinsic apoptosis?

A

after withdrawal of growth factor

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3
Q

Extrinsic apoptosis - 2 pathways?

A

1) FAS ligand to CD95

2) CD8 killing

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4
Q

Fatty change - reversible or reversible?

A

reversible

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5
Q

ribosomal detatchment - reversible or reversible?

A

reversible

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6
Q

Area most likely to get ischemic injury

1) heart?
2) Kidney
3) Liver
4) colon

A

1- subndocardium
2- straight segments in PCT and TAL
3- central vein
4-splenix flexure, rectum

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7
Q

Cells most likely to get ischemic injury in brain?

A 
Pyramidal cells (hippocampus)
Purkinje cells
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8
Q

cardiogenic vs septic shock?

A

low output (vascoconstriction) vs high output (vasodilation) failure

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9
Q

Course of acute inflamation

A

Fever
Neutrophils (6 hours)
Macrophages (2-3 days)

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10
Q

acute vs chronic inflam?

A

Neutrophils vs lymphocytes

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11
Q

Hageman factor? Activated by?

A

Factor XII. Proinflammatory factor made in liver. Endothelial damage.

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12
Q

Fever mechanism?

A

Macrophages - IL-1/TNF - increased COX in perivascular cells of hypothal - increased set point

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13
Q

Neutrophil migration - causes rolling?

A

Sialyl-Lewis (on neutrophil) binds to:

E-selectin (from TNF/IL1)
P-selectin (From Weible-Palade)

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14
Q

Neutrophil migration - causes tight binding?

A

LFA-1 (integrin) binds to ICAM-1 (on ECs)

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15
Q

Neutrophil migration - diapedesis?

A

PECAM1

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16
Q

Mediated Neutrophil migration?

A 
LICK - 
LTB4
IL-8
C5a
Kallikrein
17
Q

Remodeling of wound? Scars are made up of?

A

Fibroblasts replace Type III collagen with type I collagen

18
Q

Epithelioid Histocytes?

A

Cells of granuloma

19
Q

Formation of granuloma?

A

1) Mac release IL-12 - increases Th1

2) Th1 - increased IFN-y - increased macrophage migration.

20
Q

What maintains granulomas

A

TNFa

21
Q

Decreased ESR with?

A

Slow Chunky Precipitation
Sickle cell
Polycythemia Vera
CHF

22
Q

Light chain deposition amyloid - seen in?

A

Multiple Myeloma

23
Q

Amyloid A seen in?

A

RA, IBD, chronic infections

24
Q

Amyloid seen in dialysis pts?

A

B2-microglobulin.

25
Q

CA vs sarcoma - mets to?

A

Lymph vs blood

26
Q

CAs that go to blood and not lymph?

A

renal cell CA
Hepatocellular CA
Follicular thyroid CA
Chorio CA

27
Q

Associated with that Cancer:
1 ras
2 p16
3 BRAF

A

1 colon CA
2 Melanoma
3 Meolanoma

28
Q

Radiation increases risk of what cancers?

A

Papillary thyroid cancer
Breast cancer
Leukemia, sarcoma,

29
Q

Tumor with starburst pattern?

A

Osteogenic sarcoma

30
Q

Bombesin - marker for?

A

Neuroblastoma, Lung and gastric cancer

31
Q

Psammoma bodies

A 
PSaMMoma
Papillary thyroid
Serrus ovary
Meningioma
Mesothelioma

2nd Time Through (23 decks)

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