Pathology Flashcards
Karyorrhexis
nuclear fragmentation
Intrinsic apoptosis?
after withdrawal of growth factor
Extrinsic apoptosis - 2 pathways?
1) FAS ligand to CD95
2) CD8 killing
Fatty change - reversible or reversible?
reversible
ribosomal detatchment - reversible or reversible?
reversible
Area most likely to get ischemic injury
1) heart?
2) Kidney
3) Liver
4) colon
1- subndocardium
2- straight segments in PCT and TAL
3- central vein
4-splenix flexure, rectum
Cells most likely to get ischemic injury in brain?
Pyramidal cells (hippocampus) Purkinje cells
cardiogenic vs septic shock?
low output (vascoconstriction) vs high output (vasodilation) failure
Course of acute inflamation
Fever
Neutrophils (6 hours)
Macrophages (2-3 days)
acute vs chronic inflam?
Neutrophils vs lymphocytes
Hageman factor? Activated by?
Factor XII. Proinflammatory factor made in liver. Endothelial damage.
Fever mechanism?
Macrophages - IL-1/TNF - increased COX in perivascular cells of hypothal - increased set point
Neutrophil migration - causes rolling?
Sialyl-Lewis (on neutrophil) binds to:
E-selectin (from TNF/IL1)
P-selectin (From Weible-Palade)
Neutrophil migration - causes tight binding?
LFA-1 (integrin) binds to ICAM-1 (on ECs)
Neutrophil migration - diapedesis?
PECAM1
Mediated Neutrophil migration?
LICK - LTB4 IL-8 C5a Kallikrein
Remodeling of wound? Scars are made up of?
Fibroblasts replace Type III collagen with type I collagen
Epithelioid Histocytes?
Cells of granuloma
Formation of granuloma?
1) Mac release IL-12 - increases Th1
2) Th1 - increased IFN-y - increased macrophage migration.
What maintains granulomas
TNFa
Decreased ESR with?
Slow Chunky Precipitation
Sickle cell
Polycythemia Vera
CHF
Light chain deposition amyloid - seen in?
Multiple Myeloma
Amyloid A seen in?
RA, IBD, chronic infections
Amyloid seen in dialysis pts?
B2-microglobulin.
