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2nd Time Through > Immuno > Flashcards

Immuno Flashcards

1
Q

Lymph node - dense follicle vs follicles with pale central pallor?

A

inactive (primary) vs active (secondary)

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2
Q

lymph node Medulla - parts and function?

A

1) cords - plasma cells

2) Sinuses - macrophages

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3
Q

Part of lymph node not well developed in DiGeorge syndrome?

A

ParaCTX (t-cells)

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4
Q

Speen - location of T vs B cell?

A

Periarterial vs follicles in white pulp

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5
Q

Splenic dysfuntion - susceptible to? Why?

A

decreased IgM decreases complement activation and opsonization; increased susceptability to Encapsulated organisms -

SHiNE SKiS
strep pneumo, h flu, neisseria, Ecoli, salmonella, klebsiella,

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6
Q

Thymus - negative vs positive selection?

A

center (mature cells) vs periphery (immature cells)

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7
Q

Embryological origin of thymus vs lympocytes?

A

3rd brachial pouch vs mesenchyme

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8
Q

RBCs - how to kill infected cells?

A

NK cells. No MHC so no cytotoxicresponse

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9
Q

MHC I receptor consists of?

A 
a peptide (for binding)
B2 microglobulin
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10
Q

MHCII only present on what cells?

A

APCs

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11
Q

HLA: A3

A

Hemochromatosis

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12
Q

HLA: DR2

A

MS, hay fever, SLE

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13
Q

HLA: DR3

A

DM 1, graves

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14
Q

HLA: DR4

A

DM 1, RA

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15
Q

HLA: DR5

A

Hashimotos and pernicious anemia

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16
Q

Only lymphocyte member of innate immune response? Activity enhanced by?

A

NK cells. IL-2, IL-12, IFN-B, IFN-a

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17
Q

T helper cell induced by?

A

IL-12 to become Th1

IL-4 to become Th2

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18
Q

TLRs on what cells? bind to? Activation triggers?

A

Macrophages and DCs; PAMPS; release of NFkB which increases acute inflam response genes

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19
Q

T cell receptor complex?

A

TLR and CD3

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20
Q

Only APC to activate naive T-cell?

A

DC

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21
Q

Necessary signals for T activation vs B-cell activation?

A

1) MHC I presentation by DC
2) B7 and CD28 costimulatory signal
vs
1) MHC II presentation by CD4 cell
2) CD40-CD40 costimulatory signal

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22
Q

B-cells class switching determined by?

A

Cytokines released by Th cell

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23
Q

Th1 vs Th2
1 secretion of?
2 Activates?
3 Inhibited by?

A

1 IFN-y vs IL-4,5,10,13
2 Macrophages/CD8 vs Esosinophils and IgE production
3 IL4,5 vs IFN-y

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24
Q

How do macrophages and lympcytes stimulate one another?

A

Macrophage releases IL-1, TNF-a

Lymhpocytes release INF-y

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25
Q

CD8 kills by?

A

Releasing perforin and granzyme

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26
Q

CD3, CD4, CD25 cell. funtion?

A

regulatory T-cell. Decrease response. Secrete IL-10 and TGF-B

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27
Q

Complement binds to what Igs?

A

IgM and IgG

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28
Q

Fc portion - describe

A

Constant, Carboxy terminal, Complement binding, Carbohydrate side chains

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29
Q

Igs expressed on B-cell surfaces?

A

IgG and IgM

30
Q

Exposure to new antigen - when is IgG detected?

A

~10 days

31
Q

Role of C3b, C3a, C5a, C5b

A

opsonization, anaphylaxis, anaphylaxis and neutrophil chemotaxis, MAC complex

32
Q

Inhibitors of complement cascade?

A

DAF and C1 esterase inhibitor

33
Q

IL-1 causes? secreted by?

A

1 fever, inflam
2 activates endothelium to express adhesion factors
3 induces cytokine secretion
4 activates osteoclasts

macrophages

34
Q

IL-6 function? secreted by?

A

actute-phase reactants

macrophages

35
Q

IL-8? secreted by?

A

Chemotactic factor for neutrophils

macrophages

36
Q

IL-12? secreted by?

A

1 induces T-cells to become Th1
2 activates NK cells
Secreted by

37
Q

TNF-a? secreted by?

A

Shock, leukocyte recruitment and vascular leak

macrophages

38
Q

IL-2? secreted by?

A

Growth of T-cells
Antitumor effects of NK cells
all T-cells

39
Q

IL-3? secreted by?

A

increases bone marrow stem cell differentiation. functions like GM-CSF.
all T-cells

40
Q

IFN-y? secreted by?

A

activates macrophages and Th1 cells.
suppresses Th2 cells.

Th1 cells

41
Q

IL-4? secreted by?

A 
differentiation into Th2 cells. 
B-cell growth
class switching to IgE and IgG

Th2 cells

42
Q

IL-5? secreted by?

A

differentiation of B cells.
increases IgA
Growth of eosinophils

Th2 cells

43
Q

IL-10? secreted by?

A

Inhibits actions of activated T-cells.

Th2 cells

44
Q

IFN a vs b vs y

A

a/b inhibit viral protein synthesis

y increases MHC I and II expression and antigen presentation

45
Q

Common T cell surface proteins?
Seen in helper T-cells?
Cytotoxic Tcells?

A

CD3, CD28, TLR
CD4 and CD40
CD8

46
Q

B cell surface proteins?

A

CD19, 20, 21, 40

MHCII, B7

47
Q

Macrophage cell surface proteins?

A

CD14, CD40, MHCII, B7

48
Q

NK cells

A

CD16, CD56

49
Q

Anergy?

A

T-cell become unreactive without stimulatory signals

50
Q

Mech of super antigens?

A

Crosslink B-region of the T-cell receptor to the MHC call II on APCs

51
Q

Macrophages can be directly (no TH cells needed) stimulated by?

A

Endotoxins/LPS

52
Q

Bacteria that have antigenic variation?

A

Salmonella (flagella), Borrelia (recurrent fever) and gonorrhoeae (pilus)

53
Q

Parasites with antigenic variation?

A

Trypanosomes (programmed rearrangement)

54
Q

Give Passive immunity for these exposures?

A

To Be Healed Rapidly

Tetanus, Botulinum, HBV, Rabies

55
Q

Purpose of viral vaccination?

A

decrease viral entry into cells

56
Q

Killed vaccine

A

Killed and CHARed

Salik, Cholera, Hep A, Rabies

57
Q

Immune response: live vs killed vaccine?

A

Cellular response vs Humoral immunity (need boosters)

58
Q

HSR II - mechanisms?

A

1) opsonization
2) complement-mediated lysis
3) Ab-dependent cytotoxicity

59
Q

Only type III HSR autoimmune Dzs? (rest are?)

A

SLE, Polarteritis nodosa, Post-strep GN, serum sickness and arthus reaction

Rest are Type II

60
Q

type IV HSR disorders?

A

Guillain-Barre, MS, PPD, contact dermatitis, Graft-vs-Host

61
Q

Pt with no T cells - risk for?

A

AIDs Dzs - CMV, EBV, VZV, Candida, PCP

62
Q

Pt with no B-cells - risk for?

A

GI bugs (no IgA)

Encapsulated bacteria (SHiNE SKiS)
Entervirals encephalitis, polio
giardiasis

63
Q

Pt with no granulocytes risk for?

A 
Same as CGD - SPANkS 
Staph Aureus
Pseudomonas
Aspergillus/Candida
Nocardia
Serratia
64
Q

Pt with no complement-risk for?

A

Neisseria

65
Q

CD40L

A

HyperIgM

66
Q

Pt blood stains positive for anti-myleoperoidase?

A

aka P-ANCA - microscropic polyangitiits

67
Q

Pt stains positive for anti-proteinase-3 antibodies?

A

aka C-ANCA. Wegners

68
Q

Marker present on all thymic cells?

A

CD2

69
Q

Killed vs live vaccine: regarding Igs?

A

less vs more IgA

70
Q

What occures in germinal center?

A

Class switching

71
Q

HSR IV vs other HSR?

A

No abs. Mediated by lymphocytes only (which recruit macrophages)

2nd Time Through (23 decks)

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