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2nd Time Through > Micro - Bacteria > Flashcards

Micro - Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Obligate aerobes?

A

Nagging Pest Must Breathe

Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Bacillus

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2
Q

Obligate anaerobes?

A

Can’t Breath Air

Clostridium, Bacteriodes, Actinomyces

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3
Q

Bugs that can (but do not have to) live Intercellularly

A

Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY

Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacteria, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersina

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4
Q

Encapsulated Bacteria

A

SHiNE SKiS

Step pneumo, H flu, Neisseria, E coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, group B

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5
Q

Pneumovax vs Prevanar

A

Polysaccharide only vaccine vs conjugated vaccine

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6
Q

Urease + bugs?

A

CHuck hates PUNKSS

Cryptococcus, H pylori, Proteus, Ureplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, S epidermis, Saprophyticus

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7
Q

Yellow sulfur ganules vs yellow pigment?

A

Actinomyces israelii vs S aureus

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8
Q

Protein A? from? function?

A

S. aureus - binds Fc region of Ig. No COMPLEMENT and no PHAGOCYTOSIS

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9
Q

IgA protase - which bacteria?

A

Pneumococcus, Menigiococcus, H Flu

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10
Q

M Protein? from? function?

A

Group A strep. Prevents phagolysis.

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11
Q

Inactivate elongation factor? How?

A

Diptheria toxin and Exotoxin A (pseudomonas)

ADP ribosylation

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12
Q

Inactivate 60S ribosome - how?

A

Shiga toxin and verotoxin. Remove adenine from rRNA - stop protein synthesis

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13
Q

Causes HUS and invades? Causes HUS and doesn’t invade?

A

Shigella vs Ecoli

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14
Q

Toxins that increase cAMP? Function

A 
heat laible (e coli) - Cl secretion in gut
edema factor (bacillus) - mimics adenylate cyclase
Cholera toxin - Cl secretion into gut
Pertussis toxin - inhibits phagocytic ability
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15
Q

Toxin that cleave SNARE proteins?

A

Tetanospasmin (inhibts release of GABA/glycine)

Botulinum (inhibits release of ACh)

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16
Q

Toxin that lyses cell membranes?

A 
Alpha toxin (clostridium perfingens) - degrades PPL-C
Streptolysin O (S. pyogenes) - Lyses RBCs
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17
Q

Toxins that cause shock? Mech? Activation of?

A

TSST-1 (S aureus) and Exotoxin A (strep pyo)

Bring MHCII and TCR together. Release of IFN-y and IL2.

POLYCLONAL T-cell activation.

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18
Q

Endotoxin - effects?

A 
ENDOTOXIN
Edema (C3a)
Nitric Oxide (from macrophages)
DIC  (coagulation)
Outer Membrane
TNF-a (fever, hypotension)
O-antigen
eXtremely heat stable
IL-1 (from macrophages)
Neutrophil chemotaxis (C5a)
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19
Q

1 Transfomation
2 Conjugation
3 Tranposition
4 Transduction

A

1 take up DNA from enviornment (most likely)
2 Transfer from other bacteria
3 Gene jumps from one location to another
4 spread of DNA via viruses

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20
Q

F+ vs Hfe

A

plasmid vs incoporated into chromosonal DNA

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21
Q

Generalized vs specific transduction

A

Loose bacteria DNA packaged into viral capsid
vs
viral DNA contains attached parts of bacterial DNA

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22
Q

gamma hemolytic gram+ strains - growth in what media?

A

Group D (enterococcus) grows in bile and salt
vs
Nonenterococcus - grows in bile NOT salt

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23
Q

Staphs - type of hemolysis?

A

aureus - B-hemolysis

rest - non-hemolytic

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24
Q

Listeria - hemolysis?

A

Beta

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25
Q

MRSA resistant to B-lactams because?

A

altered PBP

26
Q

Rusty-sputum. Common cause of?

A

S. pneumo. MOPS

Meningitis, Otitis Media, Pneumona, SInusitis

27
Q

Strep Sanguis?

A

causes endocarditis by sticking to values via glycocalyx

28
Q

“Dextran”

29
Q

Strep pyo leads to glomerulonephritis. Likely had what finding before?

A

Impetigo (>paryhngitis)

30
Q

Red Rash sparing face. Gram positive?

A

Scarlet fever. Strep pyo

31
Q

CAMP test positive. Prophylaxis?

A

Group B strep. Penicillian

32
Q

VRE gram positve?

A

Enterococci (group D)

33
Q

positive Elek’s test?

Describe granules

A

Corynebacterium diphtheraie. Metachromic granules.

34
Q

Cereulide?

A

Toxin of bacillus cereus. Causes nonbloody diarrhea

35
Q

Obtained from milk/cheese. Can cause spontaneous abortion. Treatment?

A

Listeria. Ampicillian

36
Q

Actinomyces vs Nocardia - diffrences re O2, staining and treatment?

A

Anaerobe vs aerobe
acid fast vs not
penicillin vs sulfonamides

37
Q

Auramine-rhodamine stain?

38
Q

Cord factor?

A

TB. inhibits macrophage maturation and induces release of TNF-a.

39
Q

Sulfatides?

A

Surface glycoprotein of TB. Inhibits phagolysosme.

40
Q

Cannot be grown in vitro?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

41
Q

Response: Leprosy?

A

Lepromatous - TH2 response (antibodies) - not effective

Tubercuoid - Th1 repsonse (cytotoxic) - effective response

42
Q

gram -, oxidase positive rods?

A

Pseudomonas and H pylori

43
Q

Oxidaze postive, comma shaped?

A

Campylobacter and vibrio

44
Q

Coccoid rods?

A

H flu and bordetella

45
Q

grows on MacConkey’s

A 
macConKEE'S
Citrobacter
Klebsiela
E coli
Enterobacter
Serratia
46
Q

Bugs resistance to both Penicillan G and Vancomycin?

A

gram negative bacilli

47
Q

Menigococci lives?

A

Oropharynx

48
Q

Nissera - problem with pilus

A

mutates frequently

49
Q

2 ways to grow H flu?

A

Chocolate agar (heme and NAD)
or
with S aureus (provides NAD)

50
Q 
E coli can cause this because of:
1 cystitis/pyelonephritis
2 pneumonia/meningitis
3 septic shock
4 gastroenteritis
A

1 fimbriae (pilli)
2 k capsule
3 LPS
4 exterotoxins

51
Q

EIEC vs ETEC vs EPEC vs EHEC

A

invasive (necrosis) vs traveler’s diarrhea vs pediatric diarrhea (flattens villi) vs HUS/no sorbitol fermentation

52
Q

Produces hydrogen sulfide?

A

salmonella

53
Q

Antibiotics in salmonella vs shigella

A

prolong symptoms vs prolong excretion of organism in feces

54
Q

salmonella vs shigella: immune response?

Spread?

A

monocytic vs PMNs

hematogenously vs cell-to-cell

55
Q

Aniline dye?

A

Borrelia (only spirochete that will show up)

56
Q

Congenital syphilis?

A 
Saddle nose
Hutchinson's teeth
Mulberry molars
Deafness
Saber shins
57
Q

False positive for syphilis from?

A 
VDRL
Viruses (mono, hep)
Drugs (narcotics)
Rheumatic fever/arthritis 
Lupus and Leprosy
58
Q

Ehrlichia vetor?

A

Lone star tick

59
Q

Leptospira - acquire from?

A

animal urine

60
Q

No muramic acid in cell wall?

61
Q

Chalmydia serotypes?

A

ABC - Africa/Blindness/Chronic
D-K PID, neonatal type
L1,L2,L3 Lymphogranuloma venerum (painless chancre)

2nd Time Through (23 decks)

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