Musculoskeletal

Question 0

Eccrine gland vs apocrine gland

Answer 0

Secrete sweat and is found throughout body

Vs

Secretes milky viscous fluid. Does not become functional until puberty. Malodorous.

Question 1

Sebaceous gland secretes? Associated with?

Answer 1

Holocrine secretion of sebum. Associated with hair follicle

Question 2

Tight junction. Composed of?

Answer 2

Prevents movement of solutes. Composed of Claudin and occludins.

Question 3

Adherence junctions. Composed of?

Answer 3

Connects acting cytoskeleton a. Cadherins (ca dependent adhesion proteins)

Question 4

Desmosome made up of?

Answer 4

Keratin

Question 5

Integrins bind to?

Answer 5

Lamina in BM

Question 6

Function of supraspinatus muscle?

Answer 6

Abducts arm initially before deltoid

Question 7

Function of infraspinatus muscle

Answer 7

Lateral rotation

Question 8

Function of teres muscle

Answer 8

Adducts and laterally rotates on

Question 9

Function of subscapularis muscle?

Answer 9

Medial rotation and adduction

Question 10

New to adductor pollicis?

Answer 10

Ulnar nerve

Question 11

Muscles in thenar and hypothenar eminences

Answer 11

Opponents, abductor, and flexor OAF of thumb/pinky

Question 12

Dorsal interosseous muscles versus palmar interosseous muscles

Answer 12

PAD DAB

Question 13

Muscles thy control foot?

Answer 13

PED and TIP

Peroneal - eversion and dorsal foot/dorsiflexion

Tibial - inversion and palmar foot/plantar flexion

Question 14

Roots of nerve that controls thigh adduction

Answer 14

Obituary L2-L4

Question 15

Roots to nerve that controls thigh flexion and leg extension

Answer 15

Femoral L2-L4

Question 16

Contralateral hip drops when standing on ipsilaterally injured leg. Roots of nerve?

Answer 16

Superior gluteal. L4-S1

Question 17

Patient can’t jump, climb stairs, or rise from seated position. Nerves and nerve roots?

Answer 17

Inferior gluteal L5-S1

Question 18

Nerve to flexor Carpi ulnaris?

Answer 18

Median N

Question 19

Mechanism of muscle contraction

Answer 19

1. Motor end plate depol
2. Depol down T-tubule
3. Depol of dihydropyridine receptor.
   4 Coupled to ryanodine receptor with opens SR
4. Ca binds troponin C
5. Tropomycin moves out of myosin binding site on actin
6. Myosin releases ADP an power stroke occurs

Question 20

Type one muscle

Answer 20

1 slow red ox.

Slow twitch, red fibers with increases mitochondria and myoglobin

Question 21

How to increase muscle load versus increasing velocity of movement

Answer 21

Hypertrophy and recruit more units vs. increased ATPase activity

Question 22

Muscle action in SMC?

Answer 22

1 Ca binds calmodulin
2 MLCK Phosphorylates myosin
3 binds actin and releases ADP for power stroke

Question 23

Endochondral ossification versus membranous ossification

Answer 23

Cartilage replace with woven an lamellar bone
Vs
Woven bone formed without cartilage (skull)

Question 24

Origin of osteoblasts versus osteoclasts

Answer 24

From mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum vs from monocytes

Question 25

Appearance of osteoclasts?

Answer 25

Multinuclear

Question 26

Estrogen affect on bone cells?

Answer 26

Inhibits apoptosis and osteoblasts and induces apoptosis in osteoclasts