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2nd Time Through > Musculoskeletal DZ > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal DZ Flashcards

0
Q

Function of supraspinatus muscle

A

Abducts arm initially

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1
Q

Lumbar puncture is in line with what structure?

A

Iliac crest

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2
Q

Most common rotator cuff injury?

A

Supraspinatus. Abducts arm initially

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3
Q

Pitching injury - what muscle

A

Infraspinatus

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4
Q

Dislocation of this bone may cause acute carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Lunate

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5
Q

Patient with a fracture of supracondylar humerus. Motor defect?

A

Median nerve. Decreased Opposition of thumb, Lateral finger flexion, wrist flexion

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6
Q

Patient with subluxation of radius. N affected?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

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7
Q

Dislocation of humeral head. What nerve is affected? (And roots)

A

Axillary nerve (C5-T1)

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8
Q

Fracture and midshaft humerus. Muscles affected?

A

Brachioradialis, extensors wrist and fingers, supinator, triceps

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9
Q

Fracture of medial epicondyles humorous?

A

Ulnar nerve C8, T1

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10
Q

Patient with the disappearance of the radial pulse upon moving ahead with the ipsilateral side. Other findings?

A

Atrophy of interosseus muscles

Atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences

Sensory defects on the medial side of the forearm

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11
Q

Patient that can’t extend PIP and DIP. Muscles also control?

A

Lumbricals. Also control flexion at MCP

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12
Q

Patient with achondroplasia. Mech?

A

Activating mutation of FGF3 - inhibits chondrocyte growth

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13
Q

Treatment for mild versus severe osteoporosis

A

SERMs and calcitonin versus biphosphonate and pulsitile PTH

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14
Q

Patient with decreased visual acuity, trouble hearing, hydrocephalus, and renal tubular acidosis? Treatment?

A

Osteopetrosis. Smaller foramina for nerves and defect in carbonic anhydrase prevents bone resorption and causes Renal tubular necrosis. Tx is BM transplant

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15
Q

Patient with decreased calcium increased PTH and decreased phosphate. Other lab findings?

A

Osteomalacia. Increased Alk phos.

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16
Q

Patient complains about difficulty hearing. Comes in later with cardiogenic shock. Cause of shock?

A

Paget’s disease of bone. AV shunts cause heart failure.

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17
Q

X-ray of patient’s bone shows a lytic focus with surrounding sclerosis

A

Osteomyelitis

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18
Q

Patient with decreased serum calcium and increased Alk phos. X-ray shows?

A

Osteopetrosis. X-ray shows thick dense bones

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19
Q

Patient with decreased serum calcium and serum phosphate. Increased PTH and increased Alk phos

A

Osteomalacia

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20
Q

Patient with increased serum calcium, decreased serum phosphate, increased parathyroid hormone, and increase Alk phos. Findings?

A

Osteitis fibrosa cystica. Brown tumors.

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21
Q

Patient with precocious puberty, brown patches on skin. Changes to bone?

A

McCune Albright. Replacement of bone by fibroblasts and collagen. irregular bony trabeculae

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22
Q

Patient presents with tumor on the epiphyseal end of the distal femur. X-ray finding? Histo?

A

Giant cell tumor. Soap bubble sign on x-ray. Spindle-shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells

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23
Q

Young male presents with Malignancy arising from bone that projects laterally from growth plate. Location?

A

Osteochondroma. Metaphysis.

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24
Q

Patient with bone pain Around the distal femur. X-ray shows triangle and burst pattern on x-ray. RFs?

A

Osteosarcoma. Radiation, retinoblastoma, pagets disease of bone.

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25
Q

Boy under 15 presents with a bone tumor.

A

Ewing’s

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26
Q

T(11;22). Locations?

A

Ewings tumor. Pelvis, scapula, ribs, diaphysis of long bones.

27
Q

45-year-old male presents with bone tumor in pelvis, spine, scapula, long bones? Part of bone?

A

Chondrosarcoma. Diaphysis

28
Q

Patient with bone pain that resolves with aspirin. Tumor?

A

Osteoid osteoma

29
Q

Patient with bone pain that is not relieved by aspirin. Tumor?

A

Osteoblastoma

30
Q

Patient with bone tumor in the small bones of the hands and feet?

A

Chondroma

31
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis. Type of hypersensitivity? Cells involved?

A

Type III hypersensitivity. Lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells.

32
Q

Patient presents with nodes on the DIP and PIP joints. Bone findings?

A

Subchondral bone cysts, sclerosis, osteophytes, eburnation

33
Q

Patient with parotid enlargement arthritis, and dysphasia Histo? Increased risk for?

A

Sjogren’s syndrome. Lymphocytic infiltrate of exocrine glands. Increased risk for B cell lymphoma

34
Q

Patient with Von Gierke’s disease may get development of these crystals. Tx?

A

Gout. Monosodium urate. Allopurinol and febuxostat

35
Q

Patient with mass on Achilles tendon and external ear. Mass also typically found where?

A

Gout. Olecranon bursa.

36
Q

Patient with swelling of joint space. Weakly positive birefringent crystals. Made up of?

A

Pseudogout. Calcium pyrophosphate crystals

37
Q

Patient presents with synovitis, tenosynovitis, and dermatitis. Causal organisms?

A

Infectious arthritis. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Neisseria gonorrhea

38
Q

Causes of drug induced lupus?

A

Quinidine, chloromazepine, hydralazine, isoniazid, methyldopa, penicillamine, phenytoin, procainamide

39
Q

Patient with erythema nodosum, Bell’s palsy and granulomas?

A

Sarcoidosis

40
Q

Sixty-year-old female presents with difficulty standing up and increased ESR

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

41
Q

Patient comes in with shoulder pain. Endomysial inflammation. Histo?

A

Polymyositis. CD8 T cells

42
Q

Patient comes in with a rash on eyes, rash on neck, and red lesions on fingers. Area inflamed? Type of infiltrate?

A

Dermatomyositis. Perimysial inflammation with CD4+ T cells

43
Q

Patient with lung cancer comes in with proximal muscle weakness. Cause?

A

Lambert Eaton syndrome

44
Q

Patient comes in with ptosis, diplopia, and weakness. Weakness worsens of muscle use. Associated with what underlying cancer?

A

Thymoma, thymus hyperplasia

45
Q

Patient comes in months after trauma to the elbow. Presents with mass at site of trauma. Cause?

A

Myositis ossificans. Metaplasia of skeletal muscle to bone following muscle trauma.

46
Q

Patient comes in with difficulty breathing. Has puffy, taut skin with absence of wrinkles

A

Scleroderma

47
Q

Patient comes in with plaques of silvery scale. Layer of skin affected?

A

Stratum corneum. Hyperkeratosis parakeratosis (retention of nuclei)

48
Q

Albinism vs vitiligo

A

Decrease melanin (Decreased tyrosinase activity. Vs Decreased melanocytes

49
Q

Junctional versus intradermal nevi

A

Flat versus papular

50
Q

Infant comes in with crusted lesions on face and flexors. Associated with?

A

Atopic dermatitis. Associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis

51
Q

The sudden appearance of these “stuck on” skin lesions may signal an underlying malignancy

A

Seborrhic keratosis. Lesser Trelat sign.

52
Q

Patient with eosinophils with intense blisters

A

Bullous pemphigoid

53
Q

Deposits of IgA at the tips of dermal papillary. Also see what cells?

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis. See neutrophils and eosinophils

54
Q

Drug-induced bullous pemphigoid caused by?

A

Penicillamine and furosemide

55
Q

Microbes that cause erythema multiforme?

A

HSV, mycoplasma, chlamydia, histoplasmosis

56
Q

Patients with red skin lesions, Mucositis, and sloughing off skin?

A

SJS

57
Q

Lesions that may lead to squamous cell carcinoma

A

Actinic keratosis

58
Q

Patient with nodules on anterior shins. Associated with sarcoidosis and microbes.

A

Erythema nodosum

59
Q

Patient with hepatitis C may get this type of infiltration at epidermal dermal Junction?

A

Lichen planus. Lymphocytic infiltrate

60
Q

Patient presents with rash on back. Trial of corticosteroids is ineffective.

A

Pityriasis rosea.

61
Q

UVA versus UVB light?

A

Tanning and photoaging versus Sunburn

62
Q

Patient with staph infection presents with sloughing skin. Which skin layer affected?

A

Stratum granulosum

63
Q

Patient presents with pink pearly nodules on face. Also see telangiectasias and crusting. Histo?

A

Basal cell carcinoma. Palisading nuclei

64
Q

Patient with chronic draining sinus gets this skin lesion?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

65
Q

Lesion that grows rapidly over perios pf Weeks and then regresses spontaneously over months

A

Keratoacanthoma

66
Q

Patient with BRAF kinase mutation. Treatment?

A

Melanoma. vemuRAFenib (BRAF kinase inhibitor)

2nd Time Through (23 decks)

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