Biochem - Genetics and Cellular

Question 1

Cycling dependent kinases vs cyclins

Answer 1

Constitutive lot expressed vs expressed at certain times

Question 2

Rough ER vs free ribosomes made proteins

Answer 2

Secreted proteins vs cytosolic proteins

Question 3

Addition of N-linked oligosaccharide - where? On what residue?

Answer 3

Endoplasmic reticulum. On asparagine

Question 4

Cells rich in smooth ER?

Answer 4

Hepatocytes (detox) and adrenal glands (steroid synthesis)

Question 5

Organelle that adds O-oligosaccharides? On what residue?

Answer 5

Golgi. On serine and threonine

Question 6

Signal to go to lysosome? Failure results in?

Answer 6

mannose-6-phosphate. I-cell dz.

Question 7

COP1 vs COP2?

Answer 7

Send vesicle to ER vs to Golgi

Question 8

Clathrin?

Answer 8

Sends vesicles from transgolgi to lysozomes

Question 9

peroxisome?

Answer 9

Catabolism of VLCFA and amino acids

Question 10

Dynein vs Kinesin?

Answer 10

retrograde ( + to -) vs anterograde (- to +)

Question 11

Fuction of microtubules? Drugs against them (antihelminthic, antifungal, anti-cancer, ant-breast cancer, anti-gout)

Answer 11

Movement.

Mebendazole, griseofulvin, vincristine/blastine, paxlitaxel, colchicine

Question 12

filament that will stain in: connective tissue. muscle, epithelial cells

Answer 12

vimentin, desmin, cytokeratin

Question 13

Oubain?

Answer 13

binds to K site. Inhibits Na/K pump

Question 14

Most abundant protein in human body: types?

Answer 14

collagen
1 bone/skin/tendon/fasica/cornea
2 cartilage/vitreous body/nucleus pulposus
3 reticulin (skin, vesssels, uterus, granulation tissue)
4 Basement membrane

Question 15

Collagen. Steps and diseases?

Answer 15

1 synthesis
2 hydroxyation (vit C)
3 glycosylation (osteogenesis imperfecta)
4 exocytosis
5 cleavage
6 crosslinking (ehlers-Danlos)

Question 16

Wrinkles due to?

Answer 16

Decreased collagen and elastin

Question 17

Elastin synthesis (vs collagen)

Answer 17

No hydroxylation, no glycosylation, no disulfide linkages.

HAS lysine based crossbridges

Question 18

Fibrillin?

Answer 18

Form sheaths around elastin

Question 19

Detect SNPs with what procedure?

Answer 19

Microarray

Question 20

Direct vs indirect ELISA?

Answer 20

put in test antigen and see if ABs bind vs put in test AB and see if they bind antigen

Question 21

Clone DNA how?

Answer 21

1. get mRNA
2. use reverse transcriptase
3. insert cDNA into bacterial plasmids

Question 22

Cree-lox purpose?

Answer 22

KO a gene at a certain time

Question 23

RNA interference - mech?

Answer 23

dsRNA -(dicer)-> siRNA –> binds mRNA -(RISC)-> cleaved

Question 24

Pleiotropy

Answer 24

One gene, multiple seemingly unrelated effects (eg PKU has mental retardation and skin changes)

Question 25

Phenotypic heterozygosity?

Answer 25

2 people with same mutated gene, different phenotypes

Question 26

Dominant negative mutation?

Answer 26

Make nonfunctional protein that prevents normal functioning of non-mutated protein. (mutation of allosteric site of TF prevents other TFs from binding)

Question 27

Chimeric individual?

Answer 27

2 zygotes that subsequently fuse

Question 28

Locus heterogeneity vs Allelic heterogeneity?

Answer 28

Mutations at different loci give same phenotype vs different mutation in same gene gives same genotype

Question 29

Heterodisomy vs Isodisomy

Answer 29

meiosis I vs meiosis II error.

Question 30

Hardy-Weinberg assumptons?

Answer 30

no mutations, selection, migration and completely random mating

Question 31

Collagen I forms?

Answer 31

Bone skin tendons fascia cornea

Question 32

Collagen II forms?

Answer 32

Cartilage, nucleus pulposus and vireous body

Question 33

Cartillage III?

Answer 33

reticular collagen, vessels, uterus, granulation tissue