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2nd Time Through > Cardiac DZ > Flashcards

Cardiac DZ Flashcards

1
Q

S3 murmur suggests? normal in what pts?

A

Mitral Regurg

children and pregnant women

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2
Q

S4 suggests?

A

LV hypertrophy

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3
Q

Pt with sycope, angina and dyspena. Heart murmur?

A

AS

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4
Q

Pt with head bobbing - murmur?

A

AR

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5
Q

Pt with tosades de pointes - Tx?

A

Mg sulfate

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6
Q

Pt with defects in cardiac Na/K pumps and congenital sensorineural deafness?

A

Congenital long QT syndrome.

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome

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7
Q

saw-tooth ECG with random QRS complexes. Tx?

A

A-FLUTTER. B-blocker or Ca-channel inhibitor

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8
Q

Pt with abnormal ECG has stroke. ECG would likely show?

A

A-fib. Can lead to cardiac stasis

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9
Q

Pt with hypertension, bradycardia and repiratory depression. Mech?

A

increased ICP cuases arteriolar constriction - results in cerebral ischemia

Ischemia causes increase in BP -

Stretching of baroreceptors causes a decrease in HR

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10
Q

Pt with cyanosis, polycythemia and clubbing. ECHO shows RV hypertrophy. Cause?

A

Uncorrected congential R-to-L defect that switched (eisenmenger’s syndrome).
VSD, ASD, PDA

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11
Q

Pt with notching of ribs and weak pedal pulses. Also may have?

A

Adult-type coarctation. Bicuspid aortic valvue

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12
Q

New born with machine murmur of heart. Tx?

A

PDA. Given endomethacin

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13
Q

Pt with 22q11 - Heart defect?

A

Truncus arteriosus and tetralogy of Fallot

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14
Q

Pt with Down syndrome - Heart defect?

A

endocardial cushion defects: ASD, VSD, AV septal defect

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15
Q

pt with congential rubella - Heart defect?

A

septal defects, PDA, pul artery stenosis

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16
Q

Mother with diabeties - Heart defect of child?

A

transposition of great vessels

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17
Q

Freiderich’s ataxia - death from?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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18
Q

Pt with Left flank pain, pulsitile ab mass. Will see what on imaging?

A

Ruptured Ab aortic aneurysm

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19
Q

Pt with with chest pain has CXR. Mediastinal widening?

A

Aortic dissection

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20
Q

Pt with Marfan’s suddenly dies. Cause?

A

MVP (Aortic dissection can’t cause sudden death)

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21
Q

Pt with ST-elevated MI. Which artery most likely?

A

LAD>R coronary>LCA

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22
Q

Pt who dies from sudden cardiac death post MI. Cause?

A

V-Fib

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23
Q

Pt with S4, apical impulses and systolic murmur. Tx?

A

HCM. S4 - difficultly filling LV. B-blocker or non-dhydropyridine ca-channel blocker

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24
Q

Pt with S3, balloon appearance on CXR. Tx?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy. Restrict Na, ACE inhibitors, digoxin.

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25
Q

Pt with endomyocardial fibrosis and eosinophils?

A

Lofflers. Restrictive CM

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26
Q

Improves symptoms and mortality in CHF patients?

A

B-blockers, hydralazine, nitrate therapy

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27
Q

Pt with white spots on retina, painful raised lesions on pads of fingers and flat red lesions on plams?

A

Bacterial Endocarditis. Roth’s spots, oslers nodes and janeway lesions.

28
Q

Pt with tricuspid endocarditis. IV drug user. Organisms?

A

S aureus, pseudomonas, Candida

29
Q

Most common cause of bacterial endocarditis?

30
Q

Pt comes in with head bobbing, and horseness. Postive VDRL. Mech?

A

Syphilis. AR from vasa vasorum infiltration and horseness from dilation impinging on recurrent laryngeal

31
Q

Pt with ball shaped obstruction in LA?

32
Q

Pt dies of heart failure. Biopsy shows lymphocytes in myocardium.

33
Q

Pt comes in with joint pain, a unilateral headache and a high ESR. Says it hurts to chew. Biopsy would show?

A

Temporal arteritis. Granulomas

34
Q

Young woman comes in with weak upper extremitiy pulses, arthritis and vision distrubances. Increased ESR. Where specifically is affected?

A

Takayasu’s. Aortic Arch

35
Q

Pt with abdominal pain, melena, fever, weight loss, skin lesions of different ages. Vessels most likely to be affected?

A

PAN. Renal and visceral vessels.

36
Q

Pt with Hep B gets renal damage and skin eruptions. Biopsy would show?

A

PAN. Transmural inflammation of arterial wall

37
Q

Child with high fever, conjunctivitis and swelling of hand/foot. Complication?

A

Kawasakis. MI

38
Q

Child with fever, red tongue, and desquamating rash. Negative for strep. Tx?

A

Kawasakis. Aspirin

39
Q

Pt comes in with gangrene and autoamputation of fingers. Tx?

A

Buerger’s. stop smoking

40
Q

Pt with perforation of nasal septum, chronic sinusitis and otitis media. ALso has hematuria.

41
Q

Pt with asthma gets wrist drop and palpable purpura? Biopsy shows?

A

Churg straus. Necrotizing vasculitis with eosinophilia.

42
Q

Pt with palpable purapura on buttocks, joint pain and melena?

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

43
Q

Pt comes in with spider angioma. Cause?

44
Q

Infant comes in (few weeks post birth) with red growth on skin. Tx? Over time, development of lesion?

A

Strawberry hemangioma. None. Initally increases in size with growth of child but will regress by 5-8 years

45
Q

Vessel growth seen in pregnancy? Complication?

A

Pyogenic granuloma? Hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed

46
Q

Pt with red-blue mass under nail? Composed of?

A

glomus tumor from SMCs

47
Q

Pt recieving radiation treatment for breast cancer comes in with a red growth on arm.

A

Angiosarcoma

48
Q

Pt post-radical masectomy. Growth in axilia.

A

Lymphoangiosarcoma

49
Q

Pt with large mark on face, and seizures. Mech? Complication?

A

Struge-Weber disease. Affects capillary sized bloody vessels. Complication are leptomeningeal angiomatosis, intracerebral AVM on same side as face lesion

50
Q

Pathogenesis of a atheroclerotic plaque

A

1) EC dysfuntion
2) Macrophage and lipid accumulation
3) Platelets release PDGF and TGF-B to promote SMC migration
4) SMCs make ECM

51
Q

Pt with transmural inflammation with fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessels?

52
Q

Pt has dilated and tortuous superficial veins on lower legs. Complication?

A

Varicose veins. Skin ulceration

53
Q

Smoker with exertional calf pain and painful foot ulcers. Cause? Mech of nerve pain?

A

Buergers. Vasculitis extends to nerves.

54
Q

Pt with bright red central papule surrounded by outwardly radiating vessels. Lesion dependent on?

A

Spider angiomas. Estrogen

55
Q

Pt with myxomatous degeneration of vessels. Likely will result in? (if myxomatous degeneration in heart?)

A

Aneurysm. Mitral valve destruction. (Myxomatous suggests degeneration of connective tissue)

56
Q

Pt exposed to arsenic and polyvinyl chloride. Develops what tumor? Marker?

A

Liver angiosarcoma. CD31

57
Q

Pt with edema in veins with varicose veins. Defect in?

A

Venus valves

58
Q

Pt with huge edema. Cause?

A

obstruction of lymph nodes. results in elephantitis

59
Q

Pt with vague abdominal discomfort. Centrally located, pulsatile mass. Initial injury?

A

Ab Aortic Aneurysm. Causes primary by athlerosclerosis. (Medial degeneration is distant second)

60
Q

Pt with palpable purpura, and transmural necrotizing inflammation of vessels. Will not affect which vessels?

A

PAN. Pulmonary

61
Q

Pt with low lipoprotein lipase activity. How will pt present to hospital?

A

Familal hyperchylomicronemia. Increased risk for pancreatitis.

62
Q

Pt with aortic dissection. Most likely cause?

63
Q

Pt with homogenously thickened arteriolar vessel walls? Causes?

A

Hyaline arteroloscelorsis. DM and HTN

64
Q

Elderly pt with HTN. Normal age related change why?

A

Stiffening of aorta with Age

65
Q

Pt with tetralogy of fallot squats when cyanotic. Why?

A

Increases preload and increases systemic vascular resistance. Increased TPR forces more blood into the lungs.

2nd Time Through (23 decks)

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