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2nd Time Through > Endocrine Dz > Flashcards

Endocrine Dz Flashcards

1
Q

5 years old with painless growth below hyoid bone in midline of neck. Moves with swallowing

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

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2
Q

XY pt with hypertension, hypoK and ambiguous genitalia?

A

17a-hydroxylase deficiency

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3
Q

XY pt with HTN, hypoK. Externally female with female internal sex organs. Lacks secondary sex characteristics?

A

17a-hydroxylase deficiency

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4
Q

XX pt with fused labia. Hypotension, hyperkalemia and high renin?

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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5
Q

XX pt with HTN, normal K, and masculinization?

A

11b-hydroxylase deficiency

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6
Q

Pt with bad collagen IV formation, muscle weakness, amenorrhea and hyperglycemia. Causes?

A 
Cushings
exogenous steroids
ACTH-tumor
ectopic ACTH
Cortisol producing tumor
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7
Q

Pt with exogenous ACTH secreting tumor. Effect on adrenals?

A

Hyperplasia (not hypertrophy)

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8
Q

Pt with increased ACTH. Given low dexamethasone - no effect. However high dose suppresses cortisol levels. Defect?

A

ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma

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9
Q

Pt with muscle weakness, metabolic alkalosis and neoplasm?

A

Conn’s Primary HyperALDO from adrenal adenoma

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10
Q

pt with chronic cough and granulomatous infection of lungs comes in with hypotension, hyperK, acidosis, and skin pigmentation – Most likely diagnosis? Differential also includes?

A

Addisons from adrenal destrucion from TB.

Also from Autoimmune and Mets

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11
Q

Signs of primary vs secondary adrenal insufficiency?

A

hyperpigmentation and hypoK (from increased ACTH) vs none (decreased ACTH)

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12
Q

Pt presents with septicimia, DIC and adrenal hemorrhage. Organism?

A

N. meningitis (not gonorrhae)

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13
Q

Pt with increased VMA in urine. Tumor?

Pre-op prep for tumor?

A

Pheochromocytoma. Ireversible a-antagonists to prevent HTN crisis. B-blockade to protect HR.

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14
Q

Pt with episodes of headaches, episodes of sweating, palpitations, and pallor?

A

Pheocromocytoma

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15
Q

Child with normal BP, and elevated homovanillic acid in urine. Suspected diagnosis? Gene?

A

Neuroblastoma. N-myc

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16
Q

Hypothyroid – effect on creatine kinase? Cholesterol?

A

Elevated creatine kinase. Hypercholesterol.

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17
Q

Hyperthyroid – effect on creatine kinase? Cholesterol?

A

increased glucose and decreased cholesterol

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18
Q

Myxedema: hypo vs hyper thyroid?

A

face vs legs

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19
Q

Pt with big but soft thyroid mass. Anterior cervical lympahdenopathy?

A

Hasimotos. (ant cervical pathogneumonic)

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20
Q

Histo shows lymphocytic infiltrate with germinal centers. Expected cells? Increased risk for?

A

Hurthle cells; Hasimotos. B-cell lymphoma.

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21
Q

Child with poor growth, mental retardation, pale, swollen face and protuberant abdomen. 2 causes?

A

Cretinism.

1) lack of iodine
2) any defect in T4 formation (no thyroid, no peroxidase etc)
3) materal hypothyroid

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22
Q

Increased TSH. Tender thyroid. Pain radiates to ears. When does it present?

A

Subacute thyroiditis (de Quervains). Postviral

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23
Q

Increased TSH. Thyroid problem with Increased ESR? Histo? Typical history?

A

Subacute thyroiditis (de Quervains). Granulomas

Recent flu-like illness

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24
Q

Increased TSH. Young female with painless goiter vs Old female with painless goiter?

A

riedels vs anaplastic CA

25
Q

Increased TSH. Histo of thyroid mass shows fibrous tissue replacement? Cause?

A

Riedels. IgG4-related systemic dz

26
Q

Give pt with iodine deficiency a large dose of thyroid hormone

A

Jod-Basedow - thyrotoxicosis

27
Q

Decreased TSH. Histo shows focal patches of hot nodules.

A

Toxic multinodular gioter

28
Q

Female pt has doughy lower leg swelling after giving birth? Mech for legs?

A

Grave’s. Fibroblasts activated by TSH increase GAG synthesis

29
Q

Thyroid mass: psammoma bodies?

A

Papillary CA

30
Q

Thyroid mass: childhood radiation

A

Papillary CA

31
Q

Thyroid mass: orphan annie’s eyes cells

A

Papillary CA

32
Q

Thyroid mass: Balls of cells with vessels and stroma

A

Papillary CA

33
Q

Thyroid mass: see invasion through a capsule

A

Follicular CA

34
Q

Thyroid mass: CA that spreads hematogenously?

A

Follicular CA

35
Q

Thyroid mass: sheets of cells in amyloid stroma?

A

Medullary CA

36
Q

Thyroid mass: hypoCa

A

Medullary CA

37
Q

Older pt wtih Thyroid mass and granulomas?

A

Anaplastic CA

38
Q

Thyroid mass:and dysphagia, trouble breathing

A

Anaplastic CA

39
Q

Pt with increased increased Alk Phos, increased cAMP in urine.

A

Primary HyperPTH

40
Q

Pt with abdominal pain, bone spaces filled with fibrous tissue. HyperCa Dz? Bone finding? What are found in urine?

A

Primary HyperPTH. Osteitis fibrosa cystica is bone finding. Ca-oxylate stones.

41
Q

Pt with subperiosteal resorption with cystic degeneration of the skull and phalanges. Cause?

42
Q

Pt on dialysis. HypoCa. increased Alk Phos

A

Secondary hyperPTH (from renal failure)

43
Q

Pt with hypocalcemia, shortened 4th and 5th digits and short stature? defect? Genetics?

A

Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy. Defective Gs protein makes kindey unresponsive to PTH. Autosomal dominent

44
Q

Pt with amenorrhea, galactorrhea? tx?

A

Prolactinoma. Bromocriptine or cabergoline

45
Q

Pt with large tongue, deep voice, impaired glucose tolerance? Cause of death? Associated with?

A

Acromegaly. Death from heart failure. Associated with DM II,

46
Q

Pt given glucose, see increased GH. Tx?

A

Acromegaly. (glucose should decrease GH). Octreotide (somatostatin analogue)

47
Q

Tx for central DI vs Nephrogenic DI?

A

desmopressin vs HCT, indomethacin, amiloride

48
Q

SIADH- Tx?

A

conivaptan, tolvaptan, demeclocyline

49
Q

Pt with loss of pubic hair after giving birth?

A

Sheehan syndrome.

50
Q

Pt unable to lactate after giving birth?

A

Sheehan syndrome

51
Q

DMII Pt presents with neuropathy, retinopathy, and cateracts. Mech?

A

Sorbitol accumulation. No sorbitol dehydrogenase in these tissues

52
Q

DM I vs II histo?

A

Islet leukocyte infiltrate vs islet amyloid deposit

53
Q

DKA - K findings?

A

high blood K but depleted intracellular stores.

54
Q

5-HIAA in urine, wheezing, and right-sided valvular dz? Deficient in what nutrient?

A

Metastasized carcinoid tumor. niacin deficiency,

55
Q

MEN1 tumors?

A

Pituitary, parathyroid, pancreas (zollinger-ellison, insulinomas, VIPomas, glucagonomas)

56
Q

MEN2a tumors?

A

Medullary thyroid, parathyroid and pheochryomocytoma

57
Q

MEN2b tumors

A

oral ganglionneuromatosis, medullary thyroid CA, Pheochromocytoma

58
Q

MEN syndromes - gene? Genetics?

A

ret gene. AD.

59
Q

Pt with diarrhea, hypoK, achlorohydra?

2nd Time Through (23 decks)

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