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Medicine > Renal, Urinary Systems and Electrolytes I > Flashcards

Renal, Urinary Systems and Electrolytes I Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium gluconate or insulin with glucose is typically reserved for hyperkalemia in patients with ECG changes, K+ > […] mEq, or rapidly rising K+.

A

Calcium gluconate or insulin with glucose is typically reserved for hyperkalemia in patients with ECG changes, K+ > 6.5 mEq, or rapidly rising K+.

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2
Q

Common causes of asterixis include […], uremic encephalopathy, and hypercapnia.

A

Common causes of asterixis include hepatic encephalopathy, uremic encephalopathy, and hypercapnia.

treating the underlying condition will improve neurological status and resolve asterixis

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3
Q

Common causes of asterixis include hepatic encephalopathy, […], and hypercapnia.

A

Common causes of asterixis include hepatic encephalopathy, uremic encephalopathy, and hypercapnia.

treating the underlying condition will improve neurological status and resolve asterixis

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4
Q

Common causes of asterixis include hepatic encephalopathy, uremic encephalopathy, and […].

A

Common causes of asterixis include hepatic encephalopathy, uremic encephalopathy, and hypercapnia.

treating the underlying condition will improve neurological status and resolve asterixis

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5
Q

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: […]

U: Uremia

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: Propylene glycol

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: Lactic acidosis

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

A

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: Uremia

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: Propylene glycol

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: Lactic acidosis

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

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6
Q

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: […]

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: Propylene glycol

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: Lactic acidosis

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

A

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: Uremia

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: Propylene glycol

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: Lactic acidosis

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

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7
Q

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: Uremia

D: […]

P: Propylene glycol

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: Lactic acidosis

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

A

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: Uremia

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: Propylene glycol

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: Lactic acidosis

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

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8
Q

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: Uremia

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: […]

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: Lactic acidosis

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

A

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: Uremia

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: Propylene glycol

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: Lactic acidosis

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

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9
Q

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: Uremia

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: Propylene glycol

I: […] or […]

L: Lactic acidosis

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

A

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: Uremia

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: Propylene glycol

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: Lactic acidosis

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

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10
Q

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: Uremia

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: Propylene glycol

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: […]

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

A

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: Uremia

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: Propylene glycol

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: Lactic acidosis

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

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11
Q

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: Uremia

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: Propylene glycol

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: Lactic acidosis

E: […]

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

A

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: Uremia

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: Propylene glycol

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: Lactic acidosis

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

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12
Q

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: Uremia

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: Propylene glycol

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: Lactic acidosis

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: […]

A

Common causes of high anion gap (> 12 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis may be remembered with the mnemonic “MUDPILES”:

M: Methanol

U: Uremia

D: Diabetic ketoacidosis

P: Propylene glycol

I: Iron tablets or Isoniazid

L: Lactic acidosis

E: Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid accumulation)

S: Salicylates (late; respiratory alkalosis early)

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13
Q

Complicated cystitis in otherwise stable, non-pregnant patients may be managed with oral […].

A

Complicated cystitis in otherwise stable, non-pregnant patients may be managed with oral fluoroquinolones.

more severe infections may require IV broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g. ceftriaxone) while awaiting culture results

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14
Q

Correction of serum sodium (both hypo- and hyper-natremia) should not exceed a rate of […] mEq/L/hr.

A

Correction of serum sodium (both hypo- and hyper-natremia) should not exceed a rate of 0.5 mEq/L/hr .

and thus should not exceed 12 mEq/L/24 hours

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15
Q

Diagnosis of acute urinary retention is confirmed by bladder ultrasound demonstrating > […] mL of urine.

A

Diagnosis of acute urinary retention is confirmed by bladder ultrasound demonstrating > 300 mL of urine.

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16
Q

Dietary recommendations for patients with renal calculi include increased fluid intake, decreased […] intake, and normal Ca2+ intake.

A

Dietary recommendations for patients with renal calculi include increased fluid intake, decreased Na+ intake, and normal Ca2+ intake.

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17
Q

Drugs that commonly cause acute interstitial nephritis may be remembered with the “5 P’s”:

P: […]

P: Pain-free (NSAIDs)

P: Penicillins, cephalosporins, TMP-SMX

P: Proton pump inhibitors

P: rifamPin

A

Drugs that commonly cause acute interstitial nephritis may be remembered with the “5 P’s”:

P: Pee (diuretics)

P: Pain-free (NSAIDs)

P: Penicillins, cephalosporins, TMP-SMX

P: Proton pump inhibitors

P: rifamPin

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18
Q

Drugs that commonly cause acute interstitial nephritis may be remembered with the “5 P’s”:

P: Pee (diuretics)

P: […]

P: Penicillins, cephalosporins, TMP-SMX

P: Proton pump inhibitorsP: rifamPin

A

Drugs that commonly cause acute interstitial nephritis may be remembered with the “5 P’s”:

P: Pee (diuretics)

P: Pain-free (NSAIDs)

P: Penicillins, cephalosporins, TMP-SMX

P: Proton pump inhibitors

P: rifamPin

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19
Q

Drugs that commonly cause acute interstitial nephritis may be remembered with the “5 P’s”:

P: Pee (diuretics)

P: Pain-free (NSAIDs)

P: […]

P: Proton pump inhibitors

P: rifamPin

A

Drugs that commonly cause acute interstitial nephritis may be remembered with the “5 P’s”:

P: Pee (diuretics)

P: Pain-free (NSAIDs)

P: Penicillins, cephalosporins, TMP-SMX

P: Proton pump inhibitors

P: rifamPin

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20
Q

Drugs that commonly cause acute interstitial nephritis may be remembered with the “5 P’s”:

P: Pee (diuretics)

P: Pain-free (NSAIDs)

P: Penicillins, cephalosporins, TMP-SMX

P: […]

P: rifamPin

A

Drugs that commonly cause acute interstitial nephritis may be remembered with the “5 P’s”:

P: Pee (diuretics)

P: Pain-free (NSAIDs)

P: Penicillins, cephalosporins, TMP-SMX

P: Proton pump inhibitors

P: rifamPin

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21
Q

Drugs that commonly cause acute interstitial nephritis may be remembered with the “5 P’s”:

P: Pee (diuretics)

P: Pain-free (NSAIDs)

P: Penicillins, cephalosporins, TMP-SMX

P: Proton pump inhibitors

P: […]

A

Drugs that commonly cause acute interstitial nephritis may be remembered with the “5 P’s”:

P: Pee (diuretics)

P: Pain-free (NSAIDs)

P: Penicillins, cephalosporins, TMP-SMX

P: Proton pump inhibitors

P: rifamPin

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22
Q

Drugs with anti-[…] properties can cause urinary retention by preventing detrusor muscle contraction and urinary sphincter relaxation.

A

Drugs with anti-cholinergic properties can cause urinary retention by preventing detrusor muscle contraction and urinary sphincter relaxation.

treatment of patients experiencing urinary retention involves urinary catheterization and discontinuing the medication

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23
Q

First-line treatment options for uncomplicated cystitis include […], nitrofurantoin (5 days), and fosfomycin (single dose).

A

First-line treatment options for uncomplicated cystitis include TMP-SMX (3 days), nitrofurantoin (5 days), and fosfomycin (single dose).

fluoroquinolones are typically reserved for patients who cannot take the above options (e.g. sulfa allergy) or settings with high local resistance rates

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24
Q

First-line treatment options for uncomplicated cystitis include TMP-SMX (3 days), […], and fosfomycin (single dose).

A

First-line treatment options for uncomplicated cystitis include TMP-SMX (3 days), nitrofurantoin (5 days), and fosfomycin (single dose).

fluoroquinolones are typically reserved for patients who cannot take the above options (e.g. sulfa allergy) or settings with high local resistance rates

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25
Q

First-line treatment options for uncomplicated cystitis include TMP-SMX (3 days), nitrofurantoin (5 days), and […].

A

First-line treatment options for uncomplicated cystitis include TMP-SMX (3 days), nitrofurantoin (5 days), and fosfomycin (single dose).

fluoroquinolones are typically reserved for patients who cannot take the above options (e.g. sulfa allergy) or settings with high local resistance rates

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26
Q

Hepatorenal syndrome occurs due to […] dilation, which results in decreased vascular resistance and activation of the RAAS.

A

Hepatorenal syndrome occurs due to splanchnic arterial dilation, which results in decreased vascular resistance and activation of the RAAS.

activation of RAAS results in renal vasoconstriction with subsequent renal hypoperfusion and decreased GFR

27
Q

High anion gap metabolic acidosis in a patient with hypoperfusion is suggestive of […].

A

High anion gap metabolic acidosis in a patient with hypoperfusion is suggestive of lactic acidosis.

e.g. shock, hypotension

28
Q

High anion gap metabolic acidosis with a […] is suggestive of ethylene glycol, methanol, or propylene glycol ingestion .

A

High anion gap metabolic acidosis with a high osmolal gap (> 10) is suggestive of ethylene glycol, methanol, or propylene glycol ingestion .

29
Q

High anion gap metabolic acidosis with hyperglycemia is suggestive of […].

A

High anion gap metabolic acidosis with hyperglycemia is suggestive of diabetic ketoacidosis.

also usually have urine and serum ketones

30
Q

How do lipid levels change in patients with nephrotic syndrome?

A

Increased (hyperlipidemia)

due to increased hepatic lipoprotein synthesis; increases risk for atherosclerosis

31
Q

How do the following laboratory values change in a patient with hypovolemia?

ADH: […]

Renin: […]

Aldosterone: […]

A

How do the following laboratory values change in a patient with hypovolemia?

ADH: Increase

Renin: Increase

Aldosterone: Increase

ultimately results in hypovolemic hyponatremia due to retention of a relative excess of total body water (correction of euvolemia is prioritized at the risk of developing hypotonicity)

32
Q

How do the following renal findings change in a patient with hypovolemia secondary to gallstone pancreatitis?

Renin secretion: […]

Efferent arteriolar resistance: […]

Tubular Na+ reabsorption: […]

A

How do the following renal findings change in a patient with hypovolemia secondary to gallstone pancreatitis?

Renin secretion: Increase

Efferent arteriolar resistance: Increase

Tubular Na+ reabsorption: Increase

hypovolemia stimulates the RAAS, which improves intravascular volume, GFR, and blood pressure

33
Q

How does urine pH change in patients with respiratory alkalosis?

A

Increase (alkalinized urine)

kidney compensates for respiratory alkalosis by preferentially excreting bicarbonate in the urine

34
Q

Hypokalemia may be caused by increased intracellular entry of K+, which can occur with insulin, beta-adrenergic […], and hematopoiesis.

A

Hypokalemia may be caused by increased intracellular entry of K+, which can occur with insulin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and hematopoiesis.

also may occur with GI losses and renal K+ wasting (e.g. hyperaldosteronism, diuretics)

35
Q

In addition to IV hydration and a low-purine diet, uric acid kidney stones may be treated with […].

A

In addition to IV hydration and a low-purine diet, uric acid kidney stones may be treated with potassium citrate.

potassium citrate alkalinizes the urine making uric acid stones more soluble

36
Q

MPGN type II is associated with C3 nephritic factor, an IgG antibody that stabilizes […].

A

MPGN type II is associated with C3 nephritic factor, an IgG antibody that stabilizes C3 convertase.

leads to persistent complement activation

37
Q

Nephrotic syndrome is defined as proteinuria (> […]g / 24 hr) with hypoalbuminemia and edema.

A

Nephrotic syndrome is defined as proteinuria (> 3.5g / 24 hr) with hypoalbuminemia and edema.

38
Q

Nephrotic syndrome may result in a […]-coagulable state.

A

Nephrotic syndrome may result in a hyper-coagulable state.

manifests as venous or arterial thrombosis, most commonly renal vein thrombosis; other complications include protein malnutrition, iron-resistant microcytic hypochromic anemia, increased susceptibility to infection, and vitamin D deficiency

39
Q

Patients age > 35 with gross hematuria should be evaluated for urological neoplasms with […] (diagnostic imaging) and cystoscopy.

A

Patients age > 35 with gross hematuria should be evaluated for urological neoplasms with CT urogram (diagnostic imaging) and cystoscopy.

40
Q

Patients with acute nephritic syndrome develop edema due to […], resulting in decreased GFR and increased Na+/H2O retention.

A

Patients with acute nephritic syndrome develop edema due to glomerular damage, resulting in decreased GFR and increased Na+/H2O retention.

41
Q

Patients with Crohn disease have increased risk for kidney stones due to increased absorption of […].

A

Patients with Crohn disease have increased risk for kidney stones due to increased absorption of oxalate.

Ca2+ normally binds oxalate in the gut and prevents its absorption; unabsorbed fat preferentially binds Ca2+ leaving oxalate unbound and free to be absorbed

42
Q

Pyelonephritis in otherwise stable, non-pregnant patients may be managed with […].

A

Pyelonephritis in otherwise stable, non-pregnant patients may be managed with fluoroquinolones.

oral (outpatient) or IV (inpatient); more severe infections may require IV broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g. ceftriaxone)

43
Q

Risk of acute kidney injury secondary to IV acyclovir can be reduced by administering concurrent […].

A

Risk of acute kidney injury secondary to IV acyclovir can be reduced by administering concurrent IV fluids.

44
Q

Saline-resistant metabolic alkalosis is characterized by urine chloride […] mEq/L.

A

Saline-resistant metabolic alkalosis is characterized by urine chloride > 20 mEq/L.

associated with excess mineralocorticoid activity; treatment involves addressing the underlying cause

45
Q

Saline-responsive metabolic alkalosis is characterized by urine chloride […] mEq/L.

A

Saline-responsive metabolic alkalosis is characterized by urine chloride < 20 mEq/L.

treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and giving normal saline (correcting volume depletion helps prevent contraction alkalosis)

46
Q

Should patients with complicated cystitis be treated before a urine culture is obtained?

A

No

factors that make cystitis complicated include diabetes, pregnancy, renal failure, hospital-acquired, indwelling catheter, recent procedure, immunosuppression, and urinary tract obstruction

47
Q

Should patients with pyelonephritis be treated before a urine culture is obtained?

A

No

48
Q

Should patients with uncomplicated cystitis be treated before a urine culture is obtained?

A

Yes

urine culture is only necessary if first-line treatments fail (e.g. TMP-SMX, nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin)

49
Q

Some side effects of thiazide diuretics may be remembered with the mnemonic “hyper-GLUC”:

G: […]

L: hyperLipidemia

U: hyperUricemia

C: hyperCalcemia

A

Some side effects of thiazide diuretics may be remembered with the mnemonic “hyper-GLUC”:

G: hyperGlycemia

L: hyperLipidemia

U: hyperUricemia

C: hyperCalcemia

other side effects include hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia

50
Q

Some side effects of thiazide diuretics may be remembered with the mnemonic “hyper-GLUC”:

G: hyperGlycemia

L: […]

U: hyperUricemia

C: hyperCalcemia

A

Some side effects of thiazide diuretics may be remembered with the mnemonic “hyper-GLUC”:

G: hyperGlycemia

L: hyperLipidemia

U: hyperUricemia

C: hyperCalcemia

other side effects include hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia

51
Q

Some side effects of thiazide diuretics may be remembered with the mnemonic “hyper-GLUC”:

G: hyperGlycemia

L: hyperLipidemia

U: […]

C: hyperCalcemia

A

Some side effects of thiazide diuretics may be remembered with the mnemonic “hyper-GLUC”:

G: hyperGlycemia

L: hyperLipidemia

U: hyperUricemia

C: hyperCalcemia

other side effects include hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia

52
Q

Some side effects of thiazide diuretics may be remembered with the mnemonic “hyper-GLUC”:

G: hyperGlycemia

L: hyperLipidemia

U: hyperUricemia

C: […]

A

Some side effects of thiazide diuretics may be remembered with the mnemonic “hyper-GLUC”:

G: hyperGlycemia

L: hyperLipidemia

U: hyperUricemia

C: hyperCalcemia

other side effects include hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia

53
Q

The indications for urgent dialysis may be remembered with the mnemonic “AEIOU”:

A: […]

E: Electrolyte abnormalities (symptomatic or severe hyperkalemia)

I: Ingestion

O: Overload (refractory to diuretics)

U: Uremia (symptomatic)

A

The indications for urgent dialysis may be remembered with the mnemonic “AEIOU”:

A: Acidosis (pH < 7.1 refractory to medical therapy)

E: Electrolyte abnormalities (symptomatic or severe hyperkalemia)

I: Ingestion

O: Overload (refractory to diuretics)

U: Uremia (symptomatic)

54
Q

The indications for urgent dialysis may be remembered with the mnemonic “AEIOU”:

A: Acidosis (pH < 7.1 refractory to medical therapy)

E: […]

I: Ingestion

O: Overload (refractory to diuretics)

U: Uremia (symptomatic)

A

The indications for urgent dialysis may be remembered with the mnemonic “AEIOU”:

A: Acidosis (pH < 7.1 refractory to medical therapy)

E: Electrolyte abnormalities (symptomatic or severe hyperkalemia)

I: Ingestion

O: Overload (refractory to diuretics)

U: Uremia (symptomatic)

55
Q

The indications for urgent dialysis may be remembered with the mnemonic “AEIOU”:

A: Acidosis (pH < 7.1 refractory to medical therapy)

E: Electrolyte abnormalities (symptomatic or severe hyperkalemia)

I: […]

O: Overload (refractory to diuretics)

U: Uremia (symptomatic)

A

The indications for urgent dialysis may be remembered with the mnemonic “AEIOU”:

A: Acidosis (pH < 7.1 refractory to medical therapy)

E: Electrolyte abnormalities (symptomatic or severe hyperkalemia)

I: Ingestion

O: Overload (refractory to diuretics)

U: Uremia (symptomatic)

56
Q

The indications for urgent dialysis may be remembered with the mnemonic “AEIOU”:

A: Acidosis (pH < 7.1 refractory to medical therapy)

E: Electrolyte abnormalities (symptomatic or severe hyperkalemia)

I: Ingestion

O: […]

U: Uremia (symptomatic)

A

The indications for urgent dialysis may be remembered with the mnemonic “AEIOU”:

A: Acidosis (pH < 7.1 refractory to medical therapy)

E: Electrolyte abnormalities (symptomatic or severe hyperkalemia)

I: Ingestion

O: Overload (refractory to diuretics)

U: Uremia (symptomatic)

57
Q

The indications for urgent dialysis may be remembered with the mnemonic “AEIOU”:

A: Acidosis (pH < 7.1 refractory to medical therapy)

E: Electrolyte abnormalities (symptomatic or severe hyperkalemia)

I: Ingestion

O: Overload (refractory to diuretics)

U: […]

A

The indications for urgent dialysis may be remembered with the mnemonic “AEIOU”:

A: Acidosis (pH < 7.1 refractory to medical therapy)

E: Electrolyte abnormalities (symptomatic or severe hyperkalemia)

I: Ingestion

O: Overload (refractory to diuretics)

U: Uremia (symptomatic)

58
Q

The main danger associated with creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels greater than 20,000 U/L is […] due to myoglobinuria.

A

The main danger associated with creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels greater than 20,000 U/L is acute tubular necrosis due to myoglobinuria.

treatment involves aggressive hydration +/- mannitol and urine alkalinization

59
Q

The pathologic hallmark of diabetic nephropathy is nodular glomerulosclerosis (with Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules), but […] is more common.

A

The pathologic hallmark of diabetic nephropathy is nodular glomerulosclerosis (with Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules), but diffuse glomerulosclerosis is more common.

diabetic nephropathy is characterized by proteinuria and progressive decline in GFR

60
Q

Treatment options for K+ removal from the body in patients with hyperkalemia include […], cation exchange resins, and hemodialysis.

A

Treatment options for K+ removal from the body in patients with hyperkalemia include diuretics, cation exchange resins, and hemodialysis.

an example of a cation exchange resin is sodium polystyrene sulfonate

61
Q

What acid base disturbance is present given the ABG below?

pH: 7.23

PaCO2: 38 mmHg

HCO3-: 12 mEq/L

A

What acid base disturbance is present given the ABG below?

pH: 7.23

PaCO2: 38 mmHg

HCO3-: 12 mEq/L

Metabolic acidosis

low pH with a primary fall in HCO3- is indicative of metabolic acidosis

62
Q

What acid base disturbance is present given the ABG below?

pH: 7.29

PaCO2: 50 mmHg

HCO3-: 24 mEq/L

A

What acid base disturbance is present given the ABG below?

pH: 7.29

PaCO2: 50 mmHg

HCO3-: 24 mEq/L

Respiratory acidosis

low pH with a primary rise in CO2 is indicative of respiratory acidosis

63
Q

What acid base disturbance is present given the ABG below?

pH: 7.53

PaCO2: 30 mmHg

HCO3-: 22 mEq/L

A

What acid base disturbance is present given the ABG below?

pH: 7.53

PaCO2: 30 mmHg

HCO3-: 22 mEq/L

Respiratory alkalosis

high pH with a primary fall in PaCO2 is indicative of respiratory alkalosis

64
Q

What acid base disturbance is present given the ABG below?

pH: 7.53

PaCO2: 40 mmHg

HCO3-: 30 mEq/L

A

What acid base disturbance is present given the ABG below?

pH: 7.53

PaCO2: 40 mmHg

HCO3-: 30 mEq/L

Metabolic alkalosis

high pH with a primary rise in HCO3- is indicative of metabolic alkalosis

Medicine (33 decks)

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