Cardiovascular II Flashcards
The CHA2DS2-VASc score is useful for assessing thromboembolic risk in patients with […]:
C: Congestive heart failure
H: Hypertension
A2: Age > 75* (2 points)
D: Diabetes mellitus
S2: Stroke/TIA/thromboembolism* (2 points)
V: Vascular disease (prior MI, PAD, or aortic plaque)
A: Age 65-74
Sc: Sex category (female)
The CHA2DS2-VASc score is useful for assessing thromboembolic risk in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/375/087/961/a_image_thumb.png?1646148153)
C: Congestive heart failure
H: Hypertension
A2: Age > 75* (2 points)
D: Diabetes mellitus
S2: Stroke/TIA/thromboembolism* (2 points)
V: Vascular disease (prior MI, PAD, or aortic plaque)
A: Age 65-74
Sc: Sex category (female)
The combination of atrial tachycardia with AV block is fairly specific for […] toxicity.
The combination of atrial tachycardia with AV block is fairly specific for digitalis toxicity.
digitalis causes both an increased ectopy in the atria or ventricles (atrial tachycardia) and an increased vagal tone (AV block)
The current indications for operative/endovascular repair of an AAA include rapid rate of expansion, presence of symptoms, and aneurysm size > […] cm.
The current indications for operative/endovascular repair of an AAA include rapid rate of expansion, presence of symptoms, and aneurysm size > 5.5 cm.
rapid rate of expansion is considered > 0.5 cm in 6 months or > 1 cm per year
The murmur of pulmonic stenosis is characterized by an ejection click followed by a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur over the […] space.
The murmur of pulmonic stenosis is characterized by an ejection click followed by a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur over the left second intercostal space.
versus aortic stenosis, which is typically heard over the right second intercostal space
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/375/088/107/a_image_thumb.png?1646148244)
The presence of a continuous abdominal bruit has a high specificity for the presence of […] hypertension.
The presence of a continuous abdominal bruit has a high specificity for the presence of renovascular hypertension.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/375/088/180/a_image_thumb.png?1646148379)
The strongest predictors of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture are large aneurysm diameter, rapid rate of expansion, and […].
The strongest predictors of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture are large aneurysm diameter, rapid rate of expansion, and current cigarette smoking.
True ventricular aneurysm is a complication that may occur months after an MI and increases risk for mural […].
True ventricular aneurysm is a complication that may occur months after an MI and increases risk for mural thrombus.
echocardiogram typically reveals a thinned and dyskinetic myocardial wall
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/375/088/480/a_image_thumb.png?1646148457)
What abnormal heart sound is associated with a stiff left ventricle (e.g. LV hypertrophy due to prolonged hypertension)?
S4
often referred to as “ten-nes-see” a sound, which corresponds to S4-S1-S2
What abnormal heart sound is associated with volume overload (e.g. CHF with LV dysfunction)?
S3
often referred to as “ken-tuc-ky” a sound, which corresponds to S1-S2-S3
What abnormal heart sound is often heard during the acute phase of myocardial infarction?
S4 (atrial gallop)
due to left ventricular stiffening and dysfunction
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/375/088/630/a_image_thumb.png?1646148536)
What abnormal RBC may be seen in patients with scleroderma renal crisis?
Schistocytes
due to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/375/088/723/a_image_thumb.png?1646148604)
What adrenergic receptor is the primary target of dobutamine?
Beta-1 receptors (agonist)
also has a weak affinity for beta-2 and alpha-1 receptors
What age range of diabetic patients should be started on statin therapy?
40 - 75 years old
high-intensity if 10-year ASCVD risk > 7.5%; moderate intensity if < 7.5%
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/375/088/828/a_image_thumb.png?1646158881)
What analgesics are associated with decreased metabolism of warfarin (i.e. increased bleeding risk)?
acetaminophen and NSAIDs
other notable CYP450 inhibitors include amiodarone and some antibiotics/antifungals (e.g. metronidazole)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/375/120/990/a_image_thumb.png?1646158923)
What anti-hypertensive medication is commonly associated with peripheral edema as an adverse effect?
Dihydropyridine Ca2+-channel blockers
due to preferential dilation of precapillary vessels (arteriolar dilation), which increases capillary hydrostatic pressure
What area of the myocardium is likely involved in an MI with ST elevations in leads I and aVL?
Lateral (typically LCX obstruction)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/375/121/082/a_image_thumb.png?1646158983)
What area of the myocardium is likely involved in an MI with ST elevations in leads II, III, and aVF?
Inferior (typically RCA obstruction, or less commonly LCX)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/375/121/147/a_image_thumb.png?1646159020)
What area of the myocardium is likely involved in an MI with ST elevations in leads V1 - V4?
Anterior (typically LAD obstruction)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/375/121/238/a_image_thumb.png?1646159068)
What arrhythmia commonly develops in patients with mitral stenosis?
Atrial fibrillation
due to significant left atrial dilatation
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/375/121/349/a_image_thumb.png?1646159106)
What artery is likely obstructed given the ECG below?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/375/121/426/q_image_thumb.png?1646159145)
Right coronary artery
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/375/121/426/a_image_thumb.png?1646159179)